RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Lambruschini
Lamy
examining, j udging, and confirming. The revolution of 1848 brought him fresh hopes and fresh disappointments. He was elected to the National Assembly, and laid before it the project of a constitution which was considered beautiful but impracticable. After the coup d'etat (1851) he spent the short remainder of his life in retirement. He had a noble and active nature, never content unless at work. His unselfish piety and humility were unquestioned; but the failure of all his plans so embittered a positive and passionate disposition as to lead him far away from the principles with which he began his life, into a position which his early associates considered little short of apostasy. His (Euvres completes were issued in twelve volumes at Paris, 1836-37; six volumes of (Euvres posthumes appeared in 1855- 1859 and two of (Euvres inedites in 1866.
(C. Pfender.)
Bibliography: Biographical material may be found in: A. Blaize, Essai biographique sur Lamennais, Paris, 1858; J. M. Peign£, Lamennais, sa vie intime a la ChSnaie, Paris, 1864; E. Dowden, in Fortnightly Review, xi (1869), pp. 1-26; C. Beard, in Theological Review, x (1873), 341 sqq., xi (1874), 70 sqq.; G. J. Harney, in Open Court, v (1891), 2959-62; H. Gibson, L'Abbe de Lamennais, London, 1899; C. Boutard, Lamennais, sa vie et ses doctrines, vols, i.-ii., Paris, 1905-08. For study of his thought consult: T. Passa, Etude sur Lamennais, Paris, 1856; M. Lami, Philosophie de Lamennais, ib. 1867; O, Bordage, La Philosophie de Lamennais, Strasburg, 1869; P. Janet, La Philosophie de Lamennais, Paris, 1890; E. Spuller, Lamennais; etude d'histoire politique et religieuse, ib. 1892; F. Brunetiere, Nouveaux essais sur la litterature contemporaine, ib. 1895; A. Molien et F. Deune, Lamennais; ses idees, ib. 1899.
LAMMAS-DAY: The English name for the festival of St. Peter's Chains, Aug. 1, which commemorates the imprisonment and miraculous deliverance of the apostle (Acts xii. 3-19). The ancient vernacular English name is derived from the custom in England of celebrating at that time a thanksgiving for the wheat-harvest, and offering the " first-fruits " in the form of loaves of bread; whence the Middle English lammasse, from the Anglo-Saxon hlammcesse, " loaf -mass."
LAMPE, lam'pe, FRIEDRICH ADOLF: German Reformed theologian; b. at Detmold Feb. 19, 1683; d. at Bremen Dec. 8, 1729. He studied in Bremen 1698-1702, and at the University of Franeker 1702-03. In 1703 he was called as preacher to Weeze near Cleves, in 1706 to Duisburg, and in 1709 to the church of St. Stephen in Bremen. From 1720 to 1727 he was professor of dogmatics and church history at Utrecht; and from 1727 till his death he was pastor of St. Ansgar's and professor at the gymnasium in Bremen. From his schools in Bremen and Utrecht proceeded a great number of men who exerted a salutary influence in all spheres of life in the Reformed Church. Lampe's theology was essentially Biblical; and it was his great merit to further Bible study in the Reformed Church, and to revive the federal theology (see Cocceius, Johannes). His most important work is Geheimnis des Gnadenbundes, dem grossen Bundesgott zu Ehren und alien heilbegierigen Seelen zur Erbauung geoffnet (6 vols., Bremen, 1712 seq.; Dutch transl., 1727). The first volume treats of the " nature of the covenant of grace " and entirely follows the fundamental conceptions
of Cocceius. The following volumes trace the church of God historically through the threefold economy of the covenant of grace under the promise (vol. ii.), the law (vols. hi. and iv.), and the Gospel (vols. v. and vi.). Lampe adopted the systematic form which Frans Burmann had given to the federal theology. In this framework the whole content of theology is presented, but only in its results for practical Christian life, and in a form intelligible to all persons versed in the Bible. It is owing to Lampe's peculiar union of theory and practise that his spirit as that of no other theologian entered the congregations, while the history of theological science took little notice of him. In the doctrine of the order of salvation Lampe gave to Calvinism and Cocceianism a new and peculiarly Pietistic turn, by emphasizing the Pietistic attention to the inner life of the individual and the pressure of personal decision, but the fundamental view of Calvinism guarded him against all excesses of Pietistic individualism. The Church was for him a divine institution, and he was averse to all separatists tendencies. Very popular have been his catechisms: Milch der Wahrheit, nach Anleitung des Heidelherger Katechismus (1718); Einleitung zu dem Geheimnis des Gnadenbundes; Erste Wahrheitsmilch fur Sauglinge am Alter und Ver stand; also his excellent book on communion, Der heilige Brautschmuck der Hochzeit-Gdste des Lammes an seiner Bundestafel (Bremen, 1720). He also wrote: Commentarius analytico-exegeticus in Evangelium secundum Johannem (3 vols., Amsterdam, 1724- 1726; Germ, transl., 2 vols., Leipsic, 1729); Delineatio theologice activae (Utrecht, 1727, Germ, transl., Frankfurt, 1728), the first system of ethics of the federal theology; and Dissertationum syntagma (Amsterdam, 1737). Together with C. van Hase the younger Lampe edited the Bibliotheca historico-philologica-theologica (Bremen, 1718-27). He also took a prominent position among hymnwriters in the Reformed Church.
(E. F. Karl Muller.)
Bibliography: O. Thelemann, Friedrich Adolf Lampe, Bielefeld, 1868; H. L. J. Heppe, Geschichte des Pietismus, pp. 236 sqq., 479-480, Leyden, 1879; A. Ritschl, Geschichte des Pietismus, i. 427 sqq., Bonn, 1880. An index to his own writings and to earlier literature about him is in A. J. van der Aa, Biographisch Woordenbock, der Nederlanden, xi. 83, Harlem, 1852 sqq.
LAMPETIANS. See Messalians.
LAMY, la"mi', BERNARD: French Roman Catholic; b. at Le Mans (130 m. s.w. of Paris), June, 1640; d. at Rouen Jan. 29, 1715. He entered the Congregation of the Oratory in 1658, and became professor of philosophy in Saumur in 1671, afterward at the University of Angers. On account of his Cartesian views he was deposed from his chair at Angers in 1675 and driven from the city. Through the favor of Cardinal Le Camus he was soon given the chair of theology in the seminary at Grenoble, and in 1686 was recalled to Paris as professor of theology in the seminary of St. Magloire. For publishing a book without proper permission he was transferred to the Oratory at Rouen in 1690. His principal works are: L'art de parler (Paris, 1675); Entretiens sur les sciences (Brussels,
Lance, The Holy Lanfranc