THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
was accompanied by his court preacher, Johannes Bergius; and the landgrave of Hesse by his court preacheF, Theophilus Neuberger, and Professor Johannes Crocius. These theologians, who belonged to the Reformed faith, invited certain Lutherans of Saxony, Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg, Polycarp Leyser, and the court preacher Heinrich Hopffner to a colloquy on the points of difference between them. It began Mar. 3, and continued till Mar. 23, the Augsburg Confession being taken as basis. An agreement was soon reached with respect to articles i.-ii., v.-ix., xi.-xxviii. The third article, on Christology, proved more difficult; the Lutherans upheld the Communicatio Idiomatum (q.v.) which the Reformed denied, and it was finally decided to attempt no more than a definite statement of points of agreement and difference. In regard to the fourth article the Reformed declared that they taught the universality of the divine will of salvation. The tenth article, on the Lord's Supper, occasioned the same difficulties as the third, and was passed in the same way, since an actual agreement was impossible. The Reformed hoped for an agreement in order to oppose Romanism more effectively, but the Lutherans dreaded to make concessions. After the Augsburg Confession had been discussed, it was felt that not all disputes had been settled, and the doctrine of predestination was specially debated. Here again a divergence was revealed, as the theologians of Brandenburg and Hesse upheld the election of a limited number and excluded divine foreknowledge from salvation, while the Saxon theologians considered election as conditioned by a faith which God foresaw. The tone of the colloquy was friendly, even in cases where concord could not be attained. As it was private, only four copies of the protocol were made — one for each of the princes, and one for the faculty of Leipsic; but general reports were soon published in Germany, Holland, France, and England. (A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Sources are the protocol, reprinted in Corpus librorum symbolicorum, ed. J. C. W. Augusti, pp. 386 sqq., Elberfeld, 1826, and in Collectio confessionum, ed. H. A. Niemeyer, pp. 653 sqq., Leipsic, 1840; J. Bergius, Relation der Privat-Conferenz . zu Leipsic, 1631, Ber-
lin, 1635. Consult: J. K. Seidemann, Die Leipziger Disputation, Dresden, 1843 (best, contains documents); C. W. Hering, Geschichte der kirchlichen Unionsversuche, i. 327 sqq., Leipsic, 1836; A. G. Rudelbach, Reformation, Luthertum und Union, pp. 407 sqq., ib. 1839; Schaff, Christian Church, vi. 178 sqq.; and in general the literature on Luther; the Reformation; Hoe von Hoenegg, Matthias.
LEIPSIC, DISPUTATION OF. See Eck, Johann; Luther, Mabtin.
LEIPSIC INTERIM. See Interim, 3.
LELAND, lel'and, JOHN : Name of two divines.
1. English nonconformist divine and polemical writer; b. at Wigan (15 m. w.n.w. of Manchester), Lancashire, Oct. 18, 1691; d. in Dublin Jan. 16, 1766. At an early age he was taken by his father to Dublin and there educated for the ministry. From 1716 till his death he was pastor of a Presbyterian congregation in Dublin. He distinguished himself by his writings against the deists, particularly Tindal, Thomas Morgan, Henry Dodwell, and Bolingbroke. His most important work is A View of the Principal
Deistical Writers that have Appeared in England in the Last and Present Centuries (2 vols., London 1754-56; best ed., 1837). This work is still valuable for the facts it gives about deistic writers though its arguments against deism are now antiquated. Other works are: The Divine Authority of the Old and New Testament (2 vols., 1739-40); .4 Defence of Christianity (1740); The Advantage and Necessity of the Christian Revelation (2 vols., 1764) ■ and the posthumous Discourses (4 vols., 1768-69). 2. American Baptist; b. at Grafton, Mass., Mav 14, 1754; d. at Cheshire, Mass., Jan. 14, 1841. Converted at twenty, he began at once to preach as an evangelist and soon made his way to Virginia (1775), where he became a leader of the Virginia Baptists in their struggle for liberty of conscience. In 1789 he introduced a resolution which was adopted by the Baptist general association of Virginia to the effect that " slavery is a violent deprivation of the rights of nature, and inconsistent with a republican government," and recommending that Baptists " make use of every legal means to extirpate this horrid evil from the land." In 1788, as a member of the Baptist general committee on religious liberty, he addressed a noble letter to President Washington in which he pointed out the lack of sufficient security for liberty of conscience in the United States' constitution as it was being presented to the States for ratification. Washington responded courteously and sympathetically, and article I. of the present constitution was introduced. He returned to Massachusetts in 1800 and continued active in his ministry almost to the end of his long life. He published The Rights of Conscience Inalienable (Richmond, 1793).
A. H. Newman. Bibliography: 1. The Discourses, ut sup., contains a Life by the editor, I. Weld. Consult: L. Stephen, English Thought in the 18th Century, vol. i., New York, 1881; DNB, xxiii. 17-18; KL, vii. 1711. 2. A. H. Newman, Hist, of the Baptist Churches in the United States, New York, 1898; W. Cathcart, Baptist Encyclopedia, Philadelphia, 1883.
LELONG, le-len', JACQUES: French bibliographer; b. in Paris Apr. 19, 1665; d. there Aug. 13, 1721. At an early age he was sent to Malta to be educated by the Knights of St. John, but returned to Paris in 1676 and entered the Congregation of the Oratory in 1686. He was librarian of the Oratory of St. HonorS at Paris from 1699 till his death. His principal work is the valuable Bibliotheca sacra (2 vols., Paris, 1709; 2d ed., much enlarged, 2 vols., 1723). Enlarged editions were published by C. F. Borner (2 parts, Leipsic, 1709) and A. G. Masch (5 vols., Halle, 1778-90). Other works are: Supplement a Vhistoire des dictionnaires hibrcux de Wolfius (in Journal des Savants, Paris, 1707); Discours historiques sur les principales editions des Bibles polyglottes (1713); and Bibliothvque historique de la France (1719; augmented by Fevret de Fontelle, 5 vols., 1768-78).
Bibliography: The life was written by P. N. Desmoulets and prefixed to his (2nd) edition of the Bibliotheca Sacra, Paris, 1723. Consult KL, vii. 1712-14.
LEMAISTRE DE SACY, le-me'tr de sa"si', LOUIS ISAAC: Jansenist; b. in Paris Mar. 29, 1613; d. at the Chateau of Pomponne, in Brie, Jan. 4, 1684. He added to his name " Sacy," or " Soci," an ana-