JOHANNES WILHELM KUNZE, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology, University of Greifswald.
GEORG RITTER VON LAUBMANN (f), Ph.D.,
Late Director of the Royal State Library in Munich. WILLIAM LEE (f), D.D.,
Late Professor of Church History, University of Glasgow.
FRIEDRICH LEZIUS, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Konigsberg.
RUDOLF LIECHTENHAN, Th.Lic,
Pastor in Buch, Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.
FRIEDRICH LIST (f), Ph.D.,
Late Studiendirektor, Munich.
FRIEDRICH ARMIN LOOFS, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Halle. JOHANN LOSERTH, Ph.D.,
Professor of History, University of Graz.
JAMES FREDERICK McCURDY,
Ph.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Toronto.
PEDER MADSEN, Th.D.,
Professor of Theology, University of Copenhagen.
WILHELM JULIUS MANGOLD (f), Th.D.,
Late Professor of Theology, University of Bonn.
THEODOR MEINHOLD,
Superintendent in Barth, Prussia. JOHANNES MERZ, Ph.D.,
Consistorial Councilor, Stuttgart.
PHILIPP MEYER, Th.D.,
Supreme Consistorial Councilor, Hanover.
GEROLD MEYER VON KNONAU, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of History, University of Zurich.
CARL THEODOR MIRBT, Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Marburg.
WILHELM ERNST MOELLER (f), Th.D., Late Professor of Theology in Kiel.
RICHARD CARY MORSE, M.A.,
General Secretary of the International Committee of Young Men's Christian Associations.
GEORG MUELLER, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Inspector of Schools, Leipsic.
CHRISTOF EBERHARD NESTLE, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor in the Theological Seminary, Maulbronn, Wiirttemberg.
ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Church History, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Waco, Texas.
CONRAD VON ORELLI, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and History of Religion, University of Basel.
MARGARET BLOODGOOD PEEKE (f),
Late Inspectress-General of the Martinist Order for America.
CARL PFENDER,
Pastor of St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Ghurch, Paris.
ERWIN PREUSCHEN, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Pastor at Hirschhorn-on-the-Neckar, Germany.
Vlll
CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME VII.
GOTTHILF PAUL EMIL LEOPOLD FRIEDRICH RANKE, Th.D.,
Head Pastor and Senior at Liibeck. GEORG CHRISTIAN RIETSCHEL, Th.D.,
University Preacher and Professor of Practical Theology, University of Leipsic.
ROBERT WILLIAM ROGERS, M.A., Ph.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament Exegesis, Drew Theological Seminary, Madison, New Jersey.
FERDINAND SANDER,
Councilor for Schools in Bremen, Germany.
DAVID SCHLEY SCHAFF, D.D.,
Professor of Church History, Western Theological Seminary, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania.
PHILIP SCHAFF (t), D.D., LL.D.,
Late Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York, and Editor of the Original Schaff-Hekzog Encyclopaedia.
REINHOLD SCHMID, Th.Lic,
Pastor in Oberholzheim, Wurttemberg.
CARL WILHELM SCHOELL (f), Ph.D., D.D.,
Late Pastor of the Savoy Church, London.
THEODOR FRIEDRICH SCHOTT (f),
Ph.D., Th.D.,
Late Librarian and Professor of Theology, University of Stuttgart.
JOHANN FRIEDRICH RITTER VON SCHULTE, Dr.Jur.,
Professor of Law, University of Bonn.
LUDWIG THEODOR SCHULZE, Ph.D.,
Th.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Rostock.
REINHOLD SEEBERG, Th.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Berlin.
EMIL SEHLING, Dr.Jur.,
Professor of Ecclesiastical and Commercial Law, University of Erlangen.
EDUARD SIMONS, Th.D.,
Extraordinary Professor of Practical Theology, University of Berlin.
PHILIPP FRIEDRICH ADOLPH THEO- DOR SPAETH, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor in the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia.
GEORG EDUARD STEITZ (f), Th.D.,
Late Pastor in Frankfort-on-the-Main.
HERMANN LEBERECHT STRACK, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Extraordinary Professor of Old Testament Exegesis and Semitic Languages, University of Berlin.
ERNST PETER WILHELM TROELTSCH,
Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theology, University of Heidelberg.
JOHANN GERHARD WILHELM
UHLHORN (f), Th.D.,
Late Abbot of Lokkum, Germany.
SIETSE DOUWES VAN VEEN, Th.D.,
Professor of Church History and Christian Archeology, University of Utrecht.
JOHN VIENOT, Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, Independent School of Divinity, Paris.
JOHN VINSON,
Founder of the Church of the Living God.
WILHELM VOLCK (f), Ph.D., Th.D.,
Late Professor of Old Testament Exegesis, University of Rostock.
GUSTAV WARNECK, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Formerly Honorary Professor of the Science of Missions, Halle.
JOHANNES WEISS, Th.D.,
Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Heidelberg.
EDWARD ELIHU WHITFIELD, M.A.,
Retired Public Schoolmaster, London. ALBERT EDMUND WILLIAMSON,
Pastor in Brooklyn, N. Y.
OTTO ZOECKLER (f), Ph.D., Th.D.,
Late Professor of Church History and Apologetics, University of Greifswald.
SAMUEL MARINUS ZWEMER,
Formerly Missionary in Arabia.
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL APPENDIX— VOLS. I— VII
The following lisc of books is supplementary to the bibliographies given at the end of the articles contained in vols. I.-VIL, and brings the literature down to March, 1910. In this list each title entry is printed in capital letters. It is to be noted that, throughout the work, in the articles as a rule only first editions are given. In the bibliographies the aim is to give either the best or the latest edition, and in case the book is published both in America and in some other country, the American place of issue is usually given the preference.
Abraham a Sancta Clara: Werke in Auslese, ed. H. Strigl, 6 vols., Vienna, 1904-07.
Adam op Bremen: P. W. Kohlmann, Adam von Bremen, Leipsic, 1909.
Adeney, W. F.: See below, God.
Africa: S. A. Donaldson, Church Life and Thought in North Africa, A.D. 200, London, 1909. J. C. Lambert, Missionary Heroes in Africa, Philadelphia, 1909.
Agriculture, Hebrew: F. Lundgreen, Die Benutzung der Pfianzenwelt in der alttestamentlichen Religion, Giessen, 1908.
Ainger, A. : E. Sichel, The Life and Letters of Alfred Ainger, London, 1910.
Aleandro, G.: J. Paquier, Lettres familieres de Jerome Aleandro (1510-40), Paris, 1909.
Amorites: A. T. Clay, Amurru, the Home of the Northern Semites; a Study showing that the Religion and Culture of Israel are not of Babylonian Origin, Philadelphia, 1910.
Anderson, G.: Hitherto Untold, New York, 1910.
Andrewes, L. : An edition of his Manual for the Sick is published, New York, 1909.
Angels: T. Laval, Le Monde invisible, ou traite dogmatique et ascetique des anges, Paris, 1909.
Angelus: The Angelus and the Regina Coeli; with a few short Notes, explanatory and historical, New York, 1910. Apocrypha: H. M. Hughes, The Ethics of Jewish
Apocryphal Literature, London, 1909. Apologetics: E. Boutraux, Science and Religion in Contemporary Philosophy, London, 1909. H. C. King, Letters on the Greatness and Simplicity of the Christian Faith, Boston, 1909. A. S. Peake, Christianity: its Nature and its
Truth, New York, 1909. W. S. Turton, The Truth of Christianity. Being an Examination of the more Important Arguments for and against Believing in Christianity, New York, 1909. C. D. Williams, A Valid Christianity for To-day, ib. 1909. Arabia: O. Weber, Eduard Glaser's Forschungsreisen in Sudarabien, Leipsic, 1909.
Arianism: D. H. von Schubert, Das dlteste germanische Christentum, oder der sogenannten " Arianismus " der Germanen, Tubingen, 1909.
Aristotle : The Works of Aristotle are to be translated into English under the editorship of J. A. Smith and W D. Ross; of this series there have appeared the Parva naturalia, De linens insecobilibus, Metaphysica. I. Bywater: Aristotle on the Art of Poetry (Text, Introduction, Transl.), London, 1908-1909.
Arnold, T. : H. M. Butler, Ten Great and Good Men, New York, 1909.
Art and Church: L. von Sybel, Christliche Antike.
Einfuhrung in die altchristliche Kunst, vol. ii.,
Plastik, Architektur, und Malerei, Marburg,
1909. Asbury, F. : G. P. Mains, Francis Asbury, London,
1910. Athanasian Creed: W. Hay, The Athanasian