RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Marburg, Conference of Marcellinus
opinion." As the Wittenberg circle had no idea of the political machinations which called forth Zwingli's love of peace, they naturally carried away an impression of the complete humiliation of their opponents. But Zwingli ascribed the victory not less to himself and explained the articles in his own sense. It soon became obvious that instead of bridging over the opposition, the conference of Marburg had brought it to fuller expression. (T. Kolde )
Bibliography: The Articles were printed by H. Heppe, Die 16 Marburger Artikel, Cassel, 1854; by Bindseil, in CR, xxvi. 122-127; and by T. Kolde, in Die Augsburgische Konfesaion, pp.119 sqq., Gotha, 1896. Sources for the history are the Opera of Zwingli, ed. Schuler and Schultheiss, vols, vii.-viii.; the Brief e of Luther, ed. De Wette, vols, iii.-iv., or Enders' Luthers Briefwechsel, vol. vii.; in T. Kolde, Analecta Lutherana, Gotha, 1893; the Briefwechsel of J. Jonas, ed. Kawerau, Halle, 1884 sqq.; the reports of contemporaries such as Melanchthon, in CR, i. 1099 sqq.; of Jonas, ib., p. 1095; of Butzer in his Commentary on the Gospels, Strasburg, 1530. Consult further: L. K. Schmidt, Das Religionsgespr&ch zu Marburg, 1629, Marburg, 1840; J. Kradolfer, Das M arburger Religionsgesprach, 1629, Berlin, 1871; Schirrmacher, Briefe und Akten zur Geschichte des Religionsgesprachs zu Marburg, 1529, Gotha, 1876; M. Lenz, ZKG, iii (1879), 28 sqq., 220 sqq., 429 sqq.; A. Erichson, Das Marburger Religionsgesprach, 1529, Strasburg, 1880; Egli, in Theologischer Zeitschrift aus der Schweiz, i (1884), 1 sqq.; F. H. Foster, in Bibliotheca Sacra, April, 1887, pp. 363-369; Schaff, Christian Church, vi. 629-653; T. M. Lindsay, Hist. Ref., i. 352-359; the literature under Jonas, Justin; Luther; Melanchthon; Zwingli; and also the principal works on the Reformation.
MARCA, mar"ca', PIERRE DE: French theologian and prelate; b. at the chateau of Gant, near Pau (56 m. e.s.e. of Bayonne), Jan. 24, 1594; d. in Paris June 29, 1662. He was educated first at Auch and then at the University of Toulouse, and took up the study of law, beginning his public life in 1615 at Pau, as a member of the Council of Beam. When the country was annexed to France in 1620 he rendered important services to Henry IV., and was named president of the parlement which replaced the former independent council. He occupied this post till 1639, when he was summoned to Paris to join the council of state. He had already published some small treatises and a Histoire de Beam (Paris, 1640; new ed., Pau, 1894), and now took part in the exciting discussion on the liberties of the Gallican Church at the request of Richelieu. His De concordia sacerdotii et imperii seu de libertatibus ecclesios Gallicance (vol. i., 1641) was put on the Index in 1642; but Richelieu rewarded him by the nomination to the bishopric of Conserans in 1643. He was not yet, however, in orders; and his book prevented him from obtaining papal confirmation until 1648, when, after he had published a submission to the censure of the Holy See (1646) and another book, De singulars primatu Petri (1647), in which he controverted the theory that the Church had originally had two heads, Peter and Paul, he was taken back into favor. He was ordained priest in 1648, but could not take possession of his bishopric until 1651. In the following year he was named archbishop of Toulouse, but again, owing to the suspicion of Jansenism, did not obtain the papal confirmation until 1654. In 1656, however, he supported the condemnation of Jansenism in the assembly of the French clergy. The king employed him in both
political and ecclesiastical affairs, and after Mazarin's death in 1661 wished to have him near at hand. He was accordingly named for the archbishopric of Paris in Feb., 1662, and confirmed by the pope in June, but died three days after the news of his confirmation arrived. Baluze issued a new edition of his De concordia, which now appeared complete in print for the first time (1663). Although it was again condemned by the Congregation of the Index the next year, Baluze issued new editions in 1669 and 1704, and it has been several times reprinted since. Collections of smaller treatises were posthumously published by De Faget in 1669 and by Baluze in 1681. (J. F. von Schulte.)
Bibliography: Brief biographies appeared in the editions by Baluze and De Faget; P. Bayle, Dictionary Historical and critical, iv. 98-104, London, 1737 (quotes from sources which well illustrate the text).
MARCELLA: Roman Christian of the fourth and fifth centuries. She came of a wealthy family and married early, but when her husband died sevefn months after the marriage, she made a vow of perpetual celibacy and gave all her goods to her relatives and the poor. When Jerome came to Rome in 382 she became his friend and studied the Scriptures with him. When Rufinus translated Origen's work " On First Principles " she herself went to Pope Anastasius and showing him the heretical passages induced him to condemn the doctrines of Origen. At the sack of Rome in 410, she was tortured by the Goths, who sought to make her reveal her supposed wealth, and died shortly afterward.
Bibliography: The chief source of information on her life and character is Jerome's letters, especially no. 127, Eng. transl. in ANF, vi. 253-258; cf. DCB, iii. 803.