RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Mass Mateer
characterized by a depth, of Christian experience and vital piety which are sometimes absent from the more showy efforts of Bossuet and Bourdaloue. He himself published none of his discourses except that on the Prince de Conti, and the collections which appeared in 1705, 1706, and 1714 were unauthorized and not always correct reports by others. After his death his nephew brought out an edition of his works in 15 vols., Paris, 1745. The most recent collected edition is that of Blampignon, 4 vols., Bar-le-Duc, 1886. English translations of sermons are by Dodd, Sermons on the Duties of the Great, London, 1776; Sermons, with a Life, by D'Alembert, ib. 1839; a volume of Sermons, with Life, ib. 1849; and two volumes in the Ancient and Modern Library of Theological Literature, London, 1889-90. (J. Vienot.) Bibliography: The best work on the subject is L. F. F. Theremin, Demosthenes und Massillon, Berlin, 1845. Consult the studies by L. Doumergue, Montauban, 1841; R. Labeille, Strasburg, 1857; A. Bayle, Paris, 1867; A. Laurent, Tours, 1870; E. A. Blampignon, Massillon d'apres des documents inedits, Paris, 1879; idem, L'Episcopat de Massillon d'apres des documents inedits, ib. 1884; idem, Supplement a son hist, el a sa correspondance, ib. 1891; G. Chabert, Theologie pastorale de Massillon, Montauban, 1890; E. Chazel, La Predication de Massillon, Paris, 1894; Liohtenberger, ESR, viii. 771-774.
MASSUET, RENE: French Benedictine of Saint Maur (q.v.); b. at St. Quen, near Bernay (83 m. n.w. of Paris), Aug. 13, 1665 (or 1666?); d. at Paris Jan. 19, 1716. He became a professed on Oct. 20, 1682, and began his literary career by his anonymous Lettre d'un ecclesiastique au R. P. E. L. J. sur celle qu'il a ecrite aux RR. PP. Bene'dictins de la Congregation de St. Maur (Osnabrtlck, 1699), in which he defended the Maurists against the Jesuit charges that their edition of Augustine was designed to propagate Jansenism. In 1703 he was called to St. Germain des Pr6s, where he prepared an admirable edition of the Contra hmreses of Irenaus (Paris, 1710). In 1713 he edited the fifth volume of the Annates ordinis S. Benedicti, which had almost been completed by J. Mabillon, prefixing biographies of Mabillon and T. Ruinart. Five interesting letters of Massuet to B. Pez are contained in J. G. Schelhorn's Amwnitates literarim, xiii. 278- 310 (Frankfort, 1725-31); twelve to M. Muller in St. Gall in the Archives des missions scientifiques et litteraires, vi. 448-474 (Paris, 1857); a few in E. Gigas' Lettres inedites de divers savants, ii. 2 (Copenhagen, 1893) ; and one to the monastery of St. Emmeran in J. A. Endres' Korrespondenz der Mauriner (Stuttgart, 1899, p. 41). His Memoire sur I'histoire des patriarcats still exists in manuscript in the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. (G. Laubmann.)
Bibliography: D. Tassin, Hist, litteraire de la congregation de Saint Maur, pp. 304-305, 375-379, Brussels, 1770; J. B. Vanel, Les Benedictins de Saint Maur, pp. 108-111, Paris, 1896; Lichtenberger, ESR, viii. 786-787; KL, viii. 978-979; Herbst, in TQ, 1833, pp. 452 sqq.
MATAMOROS, maf'a-mo'ras, MANUEL: Span^ ish Protestant; b. at Lepe (70 m. w. of Seville) Oct. 8, 1835; d. at Lausanne July 31, 1866. He passed his early youth in Malaga, and at the age of fifteen entered the military school at Toledo, but left before the completion of the course and returned to his home. A trip to Gibraltar marked
the turning-point of his life, for he there met a Catalan named Francisco de Paula Ruet, who had become a convert to Protestantism, through whose preaching Matamoros abandoned his former faith. He was recalled to Spain to serve his term in the army, and during service in Seville endeavored to make a Protestant propaganda among his comrades. This conduct was brought to the attention of the chaplain of the regiment, and Matamoros found his position so uncomfortable that he was glad to have his mother purchase his discharge. In the service of a Protestant society of Paris Matamoros visited Granada, Seville, and Barcelona. The discovery of letters addressed by him to a Protestant convert caused him to be arrested and brought for trial to Barcelona, where he was imprisoned with some of his coreligionists for more than two years. The efforts of the Evangelical Alliance to secure the release of the prisoners in 1863 were fruitless, but the intervention of the Prussian government resulted in the commutation of the sentence of nine years' labor in the galleys to banishment for an equal length of time. On May 28, 1863, the prisoners were accordingly released and Matamoros went to England, where he was received as a martyr to the Gospel. His stay there was brief, however, and he went to Lausanne to attend the theological lectures of the university. His health soon obliged him to make a long residence in southern France, and at Pau he was instrumental in the foundation of a short-lived Spanish school. In May, 1866, he returned to Lausanne to die. (Fritz FLiEDNERf.) Bibliography: H. Dalton, Die evangelische Bewegung in
Spanien, Wiesbaden, 1872; F. Pressel, Das Evangelium
in Spanien, Freienwalde, 1877.
MATEER, CALVIN WILSON: Presbyterian missionary; b. in Cumberland Co., near Mechanicsburg, Pa., Jan. 9, 1836; d. at Tsingtau, Shantung Province, China, Sept. 28, 1908. He was graduated at the head of his class in Jefferson College, 1857; was principal of Beaver, Pa., Academy, 1857-59; studied in the Western Theological Seminary (Presbyterian), Allegheny, Pa., in 1859-61, and was graduated with the class of 1861. He had already been accepted as a missionary by the Old School Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions, but lack of funds preventing the board from sending him out at once he was stated supply of the Presbyterian church at Delaware, O., from 1861 till 1863, when, in company with Hunter Corbett (b. at Leatherwood, Pa., December 8, 1835; graduated at Jefferson College, 1860; studied in Western Theological Seminary 1860-62, graduated at Princeton Theological Seminary 1863, since 1866 missionary at Chefoo, moderator of the General Assembly in 1906), he sailed for China. The voyage was long and the bearing of the captain insulting. He exchanged the ship at Shanghai for a steamer and got into a storm and was wrecked near Chefoo, which happily was their destination, and after a night of suffering they safely arrived there. He was settled at Teng Chow, the port of Shantung, a province as large as the State of Pennsylvania, and remained there till 1904, when he went to live at Wei-Hsien. In 1864 he laid the foundation of a school out of which there was formally organized in 1878 a col-
Mateer Materialism