THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
this was refused him, he induced his friends to have him recalled to St. Jacob's Church, which, after violent controversy, they did in 1704. But Mayer now wrote to the senate that he had no desire to leave the king's service, and Charles XII. declared that Mayer had no thought of going to Hamburg, and increased his stipend and retained him. Mayer held the theological decanate in Greifswald for eight years. When the Russian General Buck, in January, 1712, requested him to omit the war prayer or give up preaching, he chose the latter and went to Stettin where he died. Before leaving Hamburg he published the first hymn-book for standard use, containing t wo sa cramental hymns by him. The titles of 5S1 pieces from his pen are given in the sketch found in Lexikon der hamburgischen Schriftsteller, v. 89-164, Hamburg, 1870. (Carl Bertheatj.)
Bibliography: J. Geffcken, Johann Winckler und die hamburgische Kirche seiner Zeit, Hamburg, 1864; idem, in Zeitschrift des Vereins fur hamburgische Geschichte, i (1841), 567 sqq.; ADB, xxi. 99 sqq.; and the literature under Hobb, Johann Heinbich.
MAYER, KARL JULIUS: German Roman Catholic; b. at Buhl (26 m. s.w. of Carlsruhe), Baden, Mar. 12, 1857. After completing his education at the University of Freiburg, he was parish priest in Rastatt, Mannheim, and Bruchsal until 1896, when he became director of the archiepiscopal theological seminary at Freiburg, a position which he retained three years. Since 1899 he has been professor of moral theology in the University of Freiburg. Besides editing the new series of the Freiburger Diozesan-Archiv (Freiburg, 1900-04), he has written Geschichte der Benediktiner-Abtei St. Peter auf dem Schwarzwald (Freiburg, 1893); Leben des heiligen Ulrichs (1893); Die christliche Askese, ihr Wesen und ihre Entfaltung (1894); and Der heilige Konrad, Bischof von Konstanz und Patron der Erzdiozese Freiburg (1898).
MAYHEW, EXPERIENCE: Missionary to the
Indians; b. in Martha's Vineyard, Mass., Jan. 27,
1673; d. there Nov. 29, 1758. He came of parentage
which for three generations had done missionary
work among the Indians, and he himself began to
preach to them in 1694, devoting his life to the
service. In 1709 he finished a version of the Psalms
and of John for the Society for the Propagation of
the Gospel in New England (Boston, 1709, cf. C.
Evans, American Bibliography, i. 198-199, Chicago,
1903). He also published a work upon Indian
Converts (1727), giving an account of thirty Indian
ministers and some eighty other pious Indians
(reprinted 1729). In connection with a Discourse
Shewing that God Dealeth with Men as Reasonable
Creatures (Boston, 1720) he gave A Brief Account of
the State of the Indians on Martha's Vineyard .
1694-1720.
Bibliography: W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, i. 133, New York, 1859.
MAYHEW, JONATHAN: New England minister; b. in Martha's Vineyard, Mass., Oct. 8, 1720; d. in Boston July 9, 1766. He was graduated at Harvard College 1744; entered the ministry, and in 1747 he was called to the West Church, Boston, maintaining the connection throughout his life.
He was an earnest preacher and an accomplished controversialist. He was especially noted as a vigorous opponent of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, because he, in common with intelligent New-Englanders generally, regarded it as a mere disguise for introducing prelacy. He was also an ardent patriot and did much to hasten the Revolution. In this connection he issued a Discourse concerning unlimited submission and non-resistance to the higher powers: with some reflections on the resistance made to King Charles 1., and on the anniversary of his death: in which the mysterious doctrine of that Prince's saintship and martyrdom is unriddled (Boston, 1750, reprinted there 1818, 1867, 1876, and in Thornton's Pulpit of the American Revolution, Boston, 1860). He also published Observations on the charter and conduct of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (1763). Other works by him are cited by full titles in C. Evans, American Bibliography, consult index, iii. 424, Boston, 1905.
Bibliography: A. Bradford, Memoir of the Life and Writings of Jonathan Mayhew, Boston, 1838; W. Walker, Ten New England Leaders, pp. 293, 298, 333, 339, New York, 1901; F. H. Foster, Hist, of New England Theology, pp. 131-133, Chicago, 1907.
MAYNOOTH, me'nuth, COLLEGE: Roman Catholic seminary for candidates for the priesthood, the chief institution of its kind in Ireland, 15 m. n.w. of Dublin. It was established by the Irish parliament in 1765, and received an annual grant originally of £8,000, but after 1845 of over £26,000; after the Union, and especially from 1845 on, it was a constant subject of contention between political and ecclesiastical parties, until the question was settled by the Irish Church Act of 1869, which went into effect in 1871. By this measure, which disestablished the Protestant Church in Ireland, state aid was withdrawn also from the Roman Catholic seminary, on the principle of equal justice. A sum equivalent to fourteen years' purchase of the annual grant was allotted in one payment. Provision was also made for the pensioning of those who at that time formed the teaching staff, and the debt contracted by the making of advance payments through the Commissioners of Public Works was remitted. (C. ScHOELLf.)
Bibliography: J. Healy, Maynooth College, Dublin, 1895.
MAZARIN BIBLE: The first complete book printed in the West from movable type. It receives its name from the fact that " a copy in the library of Cardinal Mazarin first attracted the attention of bibliographers " in 1760 (See Bible Versions, A, II., 2, § 4). It was printed by Gutenberg, in Mentz, 1450-55, but is without date or place. There are two sorts of copies of this Bible, that on paper, which is the earlier, and that on vellum. Bibliography: S. A. Allibone, in Literary World, Boston,
Nov. 18, 1882.
MAZARIN, maz'V'rin', JULES (Guilio Mazzarini) : French cardinal and diplomatist; b. at Piscina in the Abruzzi, southern Italy, July 14, 1602; d. at Vincennes Mar. 19, 1661. He studied in the Jesuits College at Rome, then took his degree in law at the University of Alcala in Spain; on his return to