RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
New York Sabbath Committor Newman, Albert Henry
of state bishops. In 1909 there were 74 ministers and over 300,000 adherents. Healing is one of the characteristic features of the church. In 1890 the name of the movement was changed from " The New Life Society " to " The Newology Church," in 1907 to " The Newlife Church." It is propagated by leaders who, like the founder, travel, hold meetings, and heal the sick and afflicted. Bibliography: The Newlifeist Magazine and the books of John Fair New, of New York.
NEWCOMB, HARVEY: Congregational author and clergyman; b. at Thetford, Vt., Sept. 2, 1803; d. at Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 30, 1863. From 1818 to 1826 he taught school in western New York; from 1826 to 1831 he was editor of several journals, of which the last was The Christian Herald, Pittsburg. From the latter year, until 1840, he wrote Sundayschool books, and from 1840 till his death he was Congregational minister in Massachusetts, New York, and Pennsylvania. He is said to have written 178 volumes, most of them for children. He was also the author of Manners and Customs of the North American Indians (Pittsburg, 1835), and A Cyclopedia of Missions (New York, 1854).
NEWCOME, WILLIAM: Archbishop of Armagh; b. at Abingdon (6 m. s. of Oxford), Berkshire, England, Aug. 10, 1729; d. at Dublin Jan. 11, 1800. He was graduated from Oxford University (Hertford College, M A., 1753; D.D., 1765); took holy orders, and was appointed bishop of Dromore, Ireland, 1766; transferred to Ossory, 1775, to Waterford and Lismore, 1779, and to the archbishopric of Armagh, 1795. He was possessed of large wealth, which he used in the dignified improvement of cathedral and palace at Armagh. His leisure was spent in Biblical study, the results of which appear in his Harmony of the Gospels (in Greek; Dublin, 1778, based upon Le Clerc, new eds., with Eng. transl. of text, London, 1802 and 1827); An Historical View of the English Biblical Translations; the Expediency of Revising, by Authority, our present Translation, and the Means of Executing such a Revision, [with] a List of the various Editions of the Bible and Parts thereof, in English, from the year 1526 to 1776 (Dublin, 1792). He published revised translations, with notes, of the twelve Minor Prophets (1785), Ezekiel (1788), and of the New Testament (2 vols., printed 1796, but not published until 1809; taken as the basis of the Unitarian Version, London, 1808); also, Observations on our Lord's Conduct as a Divine Instructor. (2 parts, London, 1782, new ed., Oxford, 1853); and occasional sermons and charges.
Bibliography: A. Chalmers, General Biographical Dictionary, xxiii. 113-114, London, 1815; DNB, xl. 322-323.
NEWELL, HARRIET: American missionary; b. at Haverhill, Mass., Oct. 10, 1793; d. on the Isle de France (Mauritius) Nov. 30, 1812. She was a daughter of Moses Atwood and was married to Samuel Newell (q.v.) in 1812, and sailed with him for Calcutta the same year. Not being allowed to remain at Calcutta, they sailed for Mauritius. A daughter born on the journey died, and was buried at sea. Rapid consumption soon set in, and car-
ried the mother off likewise. Mrs. Newell's early death, at the age of nineteen, aroused wide sympathy, and did more, by the interest it stimulated, for missions than, perhaps, a long life would have accomplished. Bibliography: Memoirs were published by her husband,
S. Newell, New York, 1831; and by L. Woods, Boston,
1814.
NEWELL, SAMUEL: American missionary; b. at Durham, Me., July 25, 1785; d. at Bombay, India, Mar. 30, 1821. He graduated at Harvard in 1807, and went to Andover Seminary in 1809. He was one of the four students who presented the petition which contributed so much to the formation of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. In 1812 he married Harriet Atwood of Haverhill (see Newell, Harriet); on Feb. 6 was ordained at Salem with Judson, Nott, Rice, and Gordon Hall, and on the 19th sailed with Judson for Calcutta. Not being permitted to disembark, he went to the Isle de France (Mauritius) ; and in Jan., 1814, he joined Hall and Nott at Bombay. He died of the cholera. He published The Conversion of the World, or the Claims of Six Hundred Millions (Andover, 1818), which aroused much interest; and Life and Writings of Mrs. Harriet Newell (New York, 1831).
NEWFOUNDLAND: An island of North America, southeast of Labrador, between the Atlantic Ocean on the east and south and the Gulf of St. Lawrence on the west; a colony of Great Britain; area, 40,200 square miles; population, estimated (1905) at 225,533, exclusive of Labrador. The island was discovered by John Cabot in 1497; formally taken possession of by Sir Humphrey Gilbert in 1583; settled, however, by the French, and ceded to the English in 1713. The population, which is mainly engaged in the fisheries, is ninety-seven per cent native born, principally of English, Irish, and Scotch descent. In 1900 thirty-four per cent of the people were Roman Catholics, thirty-three per cent belonged to the Church of England, and twentyseven per cent were Methodists. A Roman Catholic vicariate established in 1796, with seat at St. Johns, was erected into a diocese in 1847, and into an archdiocese and metropolitan see in 1904. The interests of the Anglicans are cared for by a missionary bishop holding mission from the metropolitan see of Canterbury. The schools are wholly denominational, the funds being proportioned according to the number of pupils of each denomination. There are three superintendents of public instruction, one for each of the churches named. Education is not compulsory.
Bibliography: J. Hatton and M. Harvey, Newfoundland, its Hist, and Prospects, London, 1883; M. F. Howley, Ecclesiastical Hist, of Newfoundland, Boston, 1888; J. Langtry, Hist, of the Church in Newfoundland, London, 1892; C. H. Mockridge, Bishops of the Church of England in Newfoundland, ib. 1896; D. W. Prowse A HisLof Newfoundland, ib. 1900; F. E. Smith, The Story of Newfoundland, ib. 1901.
NEWMAN, ALBERT HENRY: Baptist; b. about 10 m. n.w. of Edgefield Court House, S. C, Aug 25 1852. He was educated at Mercer University, Macon, Ga. (A.B., 1871), Rochester Theo-
Newman