RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Novatiaa
Numbers
ceses; and dean of St. Paul's. It was during his incumbency, on June 4, 1561, that the spire of the cathedral was burned. Nowell was regarded as one of the first scholars in the realm, and took a prominent part in all ecclesiastical matters. In 1563 he was chosen prolocutor of the lower house of the convocation of Canterbury, and presided over those sessions which revised and settled the Articles of Religion. In 1565 he had a controversy with Thomas Dorman, who attacked John Jewel's Apology. His services were in great demand on all public occasions and he was chosen to make the first public announcement from the pulpit of the destruction of the Armada before the lord-mayor, aldermen, and others. Nowell is the author of one or more catechisms, which were " approved and allowed " by the clergy of convocation. In 1563 The Catechism was presented to the upper, and a Catechismus puerorum to the lower, house of convocation. Whether these were identical, or two different catechisms (and in this case both written by Nowell), it is difficult to determine. R. Churton holds to the latter view. In 1571 a catechism by Nowell was printed in Latin; it was appointed to be read at Oxford in 1578 and studied at Cambridge in 1589. This was called The Large Catechism followed by Nowell with The Middle Catechism and The Short Catechism. The translation of the large catechism was published by Thomas Norton (Brasenose College, Oxford, 1750; latest ed., G. E. Corrie, with an appendix containing sermon of Nowell preached before Parliament, 1563, London, 1853). It is, therefore, probable that Nowell was the author of the first part of the catechism now in use in the Church of England, published in 1549. It was prescribed by Archbishop Parker of Canterbury to be taught; and it heads a list of books for the extirpation of heresy which the University of Oxford prescribed in 1579.
Bibliography: R. Churton, The Life of A. Nowell, Oxford, 1809; J. Strype, Annals of the Reformation, new ed., ib. 1824; idem, Ecclesiastical Memorials, vols, ii.— iii., London, 1721; DNB, xli. 243-250, where copious references to literature are found.
NOYES, neiz, GEORGE RAP ALL: Unitarian; b. at Newburyport, Mass., Mar. 6, 1798; d. at Cambridge, Mass., June 3, 1868. He was graduated at Harvard College, 1818, studied theology there, and was licensed in 1822. He was pastor at Brookfield and Petersham, Mass., and from 1840 till his death Hancock professor of Hebrew and oriental languages and Dexter lecturer on Biblical literature in Harvard University. He was a fine scholar, especially in sacred philology, and published original translations, with notes: of Job (Cambridge, 1827); Psalms (Boston, 1831); Prophets (3 vols., 1833- 1837); Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles (1846); the New Testament (from Tischendorf's text, 7th and 8th editions, 1868).
NOYES, JOHN HUMPHREY. See Communism, II., 8.
NUELSEN, JOHN LOUIS: Methodist Episcopal bishop; b. at Zurich, Switzerland, Jan. 19, 1867; came to the United States in 1886 and graduated at Drew Theological Seminary, 1890; became pastor of a German Methodist Episcopal Church in
Sedalia, Mo., 1890; professor of ancient languages, St. Paul's College, Mo., 1890; professor of exegetical theology, Central Wesleyan Seminary, 1894, and of the same in the Nast Theological Seminary, Berea, O., 1899, was elected bishop May 19, 1908. Since 1897 he has edited the Deutsch-amerikanische Zeitschrift fur Theologie und Kirche (Berea, O.); and has written, Die Bedeutung des Evangeliums Johannes fur die christliche Lehre (Berlin, 1903); Das Leben Jesu in Wortlaut der vier Evangelien (New York, 1904); John Wesley, ausgew&hlte Predigten (1905); Luther, the Leader (1906); and Kurzgefasste Geschichte des Methodismus (1907).
NUERNBERGER, nurn-bar'ger, AUGUSTIN: German Roman Catholic; b. at Habelschwerdt (60 m. s.s.w. of Breslau) Jan. 6, 1854; d. at Breslau Apr. 20, 1910. He was educated at the universities of Breslau and Prague, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1879. He was then curate of the Anima at Rome till 1881, after which he was a gymnasial teacher at Neisse and Breslau until 1884. He became privat-docent at the University of Breslau in 1892, associate professor of church history in 1894, and professor of the history of dogma, patristics, and the history of ecclesiastical organization in 1901. He wrote: Aus der literarischen Hinterlassenschaft des heiligen Bonifatius und des heiligen Burchardus (Neisse, 1888); Ueber eine ungedruckte Kanonensammlung aus dem achten Jahrhundert (Mainz, 1890); De Sancti Bonifatii Germanics apostoli vitis codicum manuscriptorum ope denuo edendis (Breslau, 1892); Vita Sancti Bonifatii auctore Willibaldo (1895); Die Namen Vynfreth-Bonifatius (1896); Zur Kirchengeschichte des neunzehnten Jahrhunderts (3 vols., 1897-1900); Die romische Synode vom Jahr 743 (Mainz, 1898); Neue Dokumente zur Geschichte des Pater A. Faulhabers (1900); Das Epitaph des Pater A. Faulhabers (Habelschwerdt, 1902); and Zum zweihundertjdhrigen Bestehen der katholisch-theologischen Fakultdt Breslau (Breslau, 1904).
NUMBERS. See Hexateuch.
NUMBERS, SACRED: The numbers and computations, as well as the few technical expressions, found in the Bible show familiarity with the four basal operations of arithmetic and an elementary knowledge of fractions. Hebrew words like saphar, " count," mispar, " number," pakadh, " enroll," manah, " determine numerically,"
Hebrew minyan, " number," rosh, " sum," Knowledge gara\ " subtract," ha'odeph, " the
of Com- remainder," are examples of evidences
putation. of this knowledge. Instances of addition are found in Num. i., xxvi.; of subtraction in Gen. xviii. 28 sqq.; of multiplication in Lev. xxv. 8; Num. vii. 88; of division, Num. xxxi. 26 sqq. More complicated operations are indicated in Lev. xxv. 50 sqq., xxvii. 18, 23. Fractions like one-third, one-fourth, one-fifth, one-sixth, one-, two-, and three-tenths occur, while in Zech. xiii. 8 two-thirds, in Gen. xlvii. 24 four-fifths, and Neh. xi. 1 nine-tenths are found. A decimal system is implied in the powers of ten so frequently used or implied. The employment of the letters of
Numbers