THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
pulpit and in administration as well as in his tract, Bedenken und Consilium. His Christian culture books, such as on " Spiritual Meditation," " School of Patience," " School of Prayer," " School of Dying," and " Wonderful Goodness of God," were widely read. His contributions to young theologians found ready acceptance, as also the Methodus studii theologid (Halle, 1664); Oratorio, sacra (Halle, 1665); and his Biblical expositions (Leipsic, 1678-81). In his hymn-book, Geistliche Singekunst (1671) he included 240 of his own hymns.
4. Johann Gottfried Olearius: Son of Gottfried; b. at Halle Sept. 25, 1635; d. at Arnstadt (10 m. s. of Erfurt) May 21, 1711. After 1658 he was his father's colleague at Halle; and after 1688, pastor, superintendent, and assessor and ephorus of the gymnasium at Arnstadt. Some of his church hymns have been preserved, as "Komm du wertes Losegeld." Poetische Erstlinge appeared in 1664; and Geistliche Singelust in 1697. Some of his prose writings were, Ehrenrettung gegen Johann Scheffler, Lutheromastigem; and Abacus Patrologicus (1673), reissued by his son Johann Gottlieb as Bibliotheca scriptorum ecclesiasticorum (1711). Specimen flora! Halensis and Geistliche Hyacinth-Betrachtungen (Leipsic, 1665) were the fruit of his botanical studies.
5. Johann Christof Olearius: Son of Johann Gottfried; b. at Halle Sept. 17, 1668; d. at Arnstadt (10 m. s. of Erfurt) Mar. 31, 1747. He was chief pastor, superintendent, and ephorus of the lyceum at Arnstadt in Thuringia and was celebrated for his versatile knowledge of history. After 1721, he was collaborator in the continuous collection of old and new theological matters. He was principally noted in hymnology, producing Entwurf einer Liederbibliothek (Arnstadt, 1702); Evangelischer Liederschatz (Jena, 1705); Jubilierende Liederfreude und Nachrichten von den dltesten lutherischen Gesangbuchern (1717); and Evangelische Liederannales uber 100 Gesange (1721). The church hymn " Ach Gott vom Himmel sieh darein " was directed against the Pietists. He occupied himself with the history of his Thuringian home, and with numismatics in which he was aided by a large library, a rich cabinet of coins, and a valuable collection of copper plates. The natural history collection of his grandfather was substantially increased.
6. Johannes Olearius III.: Second son of Gottfried; b. at Halle May 5, 1639; d. at Leipsic Aug. 6, 1713. He qualified as lecturer in the philosophical faculty at Leipsic, 1663; occupied the chair of Greek and Latin, 1667; became professor of theology, 1677; and later ephorus of the beneficiary students and canonicus at Zeitz. At the outbreak of the Pietistic disputes, he patronized its adherents. He openly opposed Carpzov in his attack upon them, and approved the refutation prefaced by Spener of that abusive document, Imago pietismi. In his lectures he emphasized a practical Christianity and a godly life ; and his view that holiness was an essential qualification of a theologian and that the unregenerate could have no more than a literal and historical perception of divine things, brought him into conflict with Loscher and Wernsdorf. Of
exegetical character are the Hermeneutica sacra- Exercitationes philological ad epistolas dominicales (Leipsic, 1674); and De stylo Novi Testamenti (1678). In polemics, he issued, Synopsis controversiarum cum Pontificiis, Calvinistis, Socianistis sqq. (1698); in ethics, Introductio ad theologiam moralem et casuisticam; and in practical theology Consilia theologica.
7 Gottfried Olearius: Son of Johannes III.; b. at Leipsic July 23, 1672; d. there Nov. 10, 1715. He entered the university of his native town at an early age and became master in his twentieth year. After visiting Dutch and English universities, he returned to Leipsic in 1699 as professor of Latin and Greek, and after 1701 became professor of theology and doctor. Examples of his exegetical and dogmatic works are, Observations in Evangelium Matthai (1713); and Jesus der wahre Messias (1714). Much learning and painstaking industry were lavished on Philostratorum quae supermnt omnia (1709); on Stanleji historia philosophies (Leipsic, 1702); and on the translation of John Locke's treatise on education. After his death appeared Collegium pastorale (Leipsic, 1718).
8. Johann Christian Olearius: Son of Johannes II.; b. at Halle June 22, 1646; d. there Dec. 9, 1699. He studied at Jena, Leipsic, Kiel, and Strasburg, and in Holland, and at an early age was made chief pastor and superintendent at Querfurt. In 1681, he was called as pastor to St. Maurice Church, Halle, and in 1685 as chief pastor of the Church of Our Lady and superintendent. Later he was a consistorial councilor in the Magdeburg consistory at Halle. He showed prudence and moderation in the disputes between the town clergy and the professors of the university and supported the efforts of the electoral commission constituted under Chancellor V. L. Seckendorf. In his preaching he was orthodox. Of his church hymns, one is famous: " O Gott, du weisst es, wie ich sinne."
9. Adam Olearius: Son of Johannes II.; b. at Aschersleben (?) (33 m. s.s.w. of Magdeburg) Aug. 1603; d. at Gottorp (a part of Sleswick, 86 m. n.n.w. of Hamburg) Feb. 22, 1671. He became master at Leipsic in 1627 and later professor. He was also associate rector at St. Nicholas school, 1630-33; and took part in the embassy directed by Duke Frederick III. of Sleswick-Holstein- Gottorp to Grand Duke Michael Feodorewich and the shah of Persia. His published account of this expedition gained great recognition. He continued as " mathematician and antiquary " at the court of his patron and his successors and arranged the Arabic, Persian, and Turkish manuscripts that he had brought from the East. In 1665, he published a Kirchenbuch, the first liturgy in High German in Sleswick-Holstein. He advocated raising the efficiency of the schools. Geokg Muller. Bibliography: J. G. Leuckfeld, Historia Hesshusiana, ii.
234-248, Quedlinburg, 1716; J. B. Liebler, Hymnopoiographia Oleriana, Naumburg, 1727; Vollstandige Register fiber die andem Zehen Jahr der Unschuldigen Nachrichten 1711-20, Leipsic, 1728; M. Ranfft, Leben und Schriften derer sbchsischen Doctoren der Theologie, ii. 809-892, Leipsic, 1742; J. C. von Dreyhaupt, Beschreibung des Saalkreises, i. 1007 sqq., Halle, 1749; C. G. Jocher, Allaemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, iii. 1050-57, Leipsic, 1751; H. W. Rotermund, Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexicon, Fort-