RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
On Oosterzee
ONDERDONK, HENRY USTICK: Protestant Episcopal bishop; b. at New York Mar. 16, 1789; d. at Philadelphia Dec. 6, 1858. He graduated at Columbia College, 1805; studied medicine in London; with V Mott, edited The New York Medical Journal; was ordained 1815; ministered at Canandaigua, N. Y., 1816-20; was rector of St. Ann's, Brooklyn, 1820-27; became assistant bishop of Pennsylvania, 1827, and bishop 1836; was suspended 1844 and restored 1856. He published Episcopacy Examined and Re-examined (1835). He was active in assisting the appointed compilers of the 212 hymns which, from 1827 to 1871, were usually bound with the Prayer Book and employed in the Protestant Episcopal Church, rewriting several hymns, and contributing ten entirely his own. Of these, " The Spirit in our hearts " is the best known.
Bibliography: W. S. Perry, The Episcopate in America, p. 49, New York, 1895; S. W. Duffield, English Hymns, pp. 541-542, ib. 1886; Julian, Hymnology, pp. 869-870.
ONEIDA COMMUNITY. See Communism, II., 8. ONIAS IV. AND HIS TEMPLE. See Leon-
TOPOLIS.
ONKELOS, enk'e-les: Jewish teacher of the first century, to whom the principal Targum is ascribed (see Bible Versions, A, V., § 2). Tradition makes of him a proselyte, and to his father is given the name Kalonymus or Kalonikos. He is also called a disciple of Gamaliel, the teacher of Paul. Many scholars are of the opinion that Onkelos and Aquila, the maker of a Greek version of the Old Testament (see Bible Versions, A, I., 2, § 1), are one and the same person. The Greek forms of the name (Ankelos, Ankulion) might give rise equally to Aquila and Onkelos. The identification is further supported by the reading Aquila in Tosefta, Demai vi. 13, Yerushalmi, Demai 25a. In Jewish tradition both Aquila and Onkelos are known as proselytes.
Bibliography: M. Friedmann, Onkelos und Akylas, Vienna, 1896; JE, ii. 36-37, ix. 405, xii. 58-59; DCB, i. 150-151; DB, iv. 865; Vigouroux, Dictionnaire, faac. xxix., cols. 1819-20.
OORT, ort, HENRICUS: Dutch orientalist; b. at Eemnes (3 m. n.n.e. of Utrecht) Dec. 27, 1836. He studied theology at Leyden; was successively pastor of the Reformed Church at Zandpoort 1860, at Harlingen 1867; professor of oriental literature at the Atheneum, Amsterdam, 1873; and professor of Hebrew and Jewish antiquities at Leyden, 1875-1907. He is the author of: De dienst der Baalim im Israel (Leyden, 1864; Eng. transl., The Worship of Baalim in Israel, by J. W. Colenso, London, 1865); Het menschenoffer in Israel (Haarlem, 1865); De Bijbel voor jonge lieden, in collaboration with Hooykaas (Harlingen, 's Gravenhage, 1871-78; Eng. transl., The Bible for Young People, P. H. Wicksteed, London, 1873-79; reprinted, The Bible for Learners, Boston, 1878-79) ; Evangelie en Talmud uit het oogpunt der zedelijkheid vorgeleken (Leyden, 1881; Eng. transl. in Modern Review, London, July, Oct., 1883); Atlas voor Bijbelsche en Kerkelijke geschiedenes (1884); and Textus Hebraici emendationes (1900). VIII— 16
OOSTERZEE, 6s"ter-ze', JAN JAKOB VAN: Dutch Protestant preacher and theologian; b. at Rotterdam Apr. 1, 1817; d. at Wiesbaden (5 m. n.n.w. of Mainz) July 29, 1882. He was educated at the University of Utrecht (1835-39), and then held pastorates at Eemnes-Binnen (1841-43), Alkmaar (1843-44), and Rotterdam (1844-62), attaining great fame as a pulpit orator. Early in 1863 he was appointed professor of practical theology at Utrecht, with which institution he was variously connected till the end of his life. Of his sermons some 270 were printed in more than twelve volumes (1846-70), including Mozes (Rotterdam, 1859; Eng. transl., Moses: a Biblical Study, Edinburgh, 1876). He likewise published De Heidelbergsche Catechismus in fifty-two lectures (1869), and issued many individual sermons which were widely circulated. In these sermons Van Oosterzee laid his entire stress (in somewhat rhetorical fashion) on the preaching of the Gospel, the proclamation of Christ according to the Scriptures, and the announcing of salvation; but regarded the pulpit least of all the place from which to transcend the Gospel into the regions of dogmatic speculation. His avowed aim as a preacher was rather to edify than instruct. Holding himself aloof from the radical, naturalistic, and purely ethical tendencies, remaining neutral toward negative criticism, and in Christology maintaining a distinctly supernaturalistic position, he was pleased to call himself " Evangelical, or Christian Orthodox." With all his activity as a preacher, Van Oosterzee devoted himself zealously to theological science. This phase of his activity he began with the first article, Verhandeling over den tegenwoordigen toestand der Apologetiek, in the newly founded Jaarboeken voor wetenschappelijke theologie, followed the next year by his treatise " On the Value of the Acts of the Apostles " (1846). To this same period belongs his Leven van Jezus (1846-51), followed by Christologie (Rotterdam, 1855-61 ; Eng. transl., The Image of Christ as Presented in Scripture, London, 1874) and by his commentaries on Luke (Bielefeld and Leipsic, 1859), the pastoral epistles and Philemon (1861), and James (in collaboration with J. P. Lange, 1862) for J. P. Lange's Bibelwerk.
After his professorial appointment at Utrecht in 1863, Van Oosterzee wrote his brief Theologie des Nieuwen Verbonds (Utrecht, 1867; Eng. transl., Theology of the New Testament, New York, 1893), which was followed by the larger Christelijke dogmatiek (2 parts, 1870-72; Eng. transl., Christian Dogmatics, 2 vols., New York, 1876). The best of his academic works, however, was his Praktische theologie (2 parts, Utrecht, 1877-78; Eng. transl., New York, 1879), in which he considered homiletics, liturgies, catechetics, pastoral theology, missions, and even apologetics. In 1877, with the passage of the law forbidding the theological faculty to lecture on Biblical, dogmatic, and practical theology, Van Oosterzee was compelled, against his will, to teach the philosophy of religion, New-Testament introduction, and the history of Christian dogma, in which he gave instruction until his death. His memoirs appeared posthumously under the title Uit mijn levensboek, voor mijne vrienden (Utrecht,
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