RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Otte
Otto of Bamberg
under the horrors of the Schmalkald War and the emperor's Spaniards, in Mar., 1547. Nevertheless he was spared from the bitterest anguish for South German Protestantism during the Interim.
Well did Butzer describe his friend Otter as " a man distinguished not by sound learning alone, but also by Christian virtues, and especially by modesty, forbearance, charity; a man of innocent life, pure doctrine, averse to all manner of pompous pride, one of consummate skill in dealing with all the various concerns of our Church."
G. Bossert.
Bibliography: H. Susann, Jakob Otter, Carlsruhe, 1893; Brieswechsel der Brilder . . Blaurer, ed. Schiess, 2 vols., Freiburg, 1908-10; and the literature under Blaurer, Ambrosius.
OTTERBEIN, ot'ter-bain, PHILIP WILLIAM:
Founder of the United Brethren in Christ (q.v.); b. at Dillenburg (40 m. n.e. of Coblenz), Prussia, June 3, 1726; d. in Baltimore Nov. 17, 1813. He belonged to a family of ministers of the German Reformed Church, entered the school of Herborn in 1742 and completed the course there, including three years in theology, and in 1749 was ordained and became vicar at Ockersdorf. In 1752 he accompanied the Rev. Michael Schlatter (q.v.) to America and was settled over the German Reformed Church in Lancaster, Penn., till 1758, then labored successively in Tulpehocken, Penn., Frederick, Md. (1760-65), and York, Penn. (1765-74), after which he organized and had charge of the Evangelical Reformed Church of Baltimore. At Lancaster he instituted prayer-meetings, trained laymen as leaders, held evangelistic services in the open air, and was in close fellowship with ministers of other denominations, especially Martin Bohm, a Mennonite, and Francis Asbury and Richard Wright, Methodists. In 1784 he assisted Dr. Coke in consecrating Asbury bishop. On Sept. 25, 1800, in conjunction with Bohm, he convened a conference of thirteen ministers near Frederick, which resulted in the organization of the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. He never left the German Reformed communion, and only desired to secure a reorganization of the methods in vogue within the Church. Otterbein University, at Westerville, O., under the control of the United Brethren, preserves his name.
Bibliography: A Life was written by A. W. Drury, Dayton, Ohio, 1884. Consult: H. Harbaugh, Fathers of the German Reformed Church, 5 vols., Lancaster, Pa., 1857 sqq.; F. Piper and H. M. MacCracken, Lives of the Leaders of our Church Universal, Bethlehem, Pa., 1879; J. H. Dubbs, in American Church History Series, viii. 305-313, New York, 1895; D. Berger, in the same, xii. 317 sqq., ib. 1897.
OTTLEY, EDWARD BICKERSTETH : Church of England; b. at Richmond (40 m. n.w. of York), Yorkshire, Jan. 18, 1853. He received his education at Merchant Tailors' School, London, and Keble College, Oxford (B.A. 1876; M.A., 1879); was made deacon in 1876 and priest in 1878; was curate at Hawarden, 1876-80, and at St. Saviour, Hoxton, 1880; principal of Sarum Theological College, 1880-83; vicar of the Church of the Annunciation (formerly Quebec Chapel), St. Marylebone, 1883-1908; prebendary of Caddington Major jn St. Paul's Cathedral, 1905-07; residentiary canon
of Rochester, since 1907. He has written Rational Aspects of Some Revealed Truths (London, 1887).
OTTLEY, HENRY BICKERSTETH: Church of England, brother of the preceding; b. at Richmond (40 m. n.w. of York), Yorkshire, Nov. 3, 1850. He received his education at St. John's College, Oxford (B.A., 1874; M.A., 1876); was made deacon in 1874 and priest in 1876; was curate of All Souls, Langham Place, London, 1874- 1876; vicar of Newton-on-Trent, 1876-79; of St. Margaret's, Ilkley, 1879-83; and of Horsham, 1884-87; rector of West Hackney, 1887-90; vicar of Eastbourne, 1890-98; and of South Norwood, 1898-1907; and honorary canon of Canterbury, 1907. He also served as commissary to the bishop of Jerusalem, 1887-96; special missioner for the Armenian relief fund, 1896; and as Golden lecturer at St. Margaret's, Lothbury, 1898-99. He is the author of: The Great Dilemma: Christ his own Witness or his own Accuser (London, 1881); The Challenge to the Church of God: " Give us a Reason of your Hope" (1882); Modern Egypt; its Witness to Christ (1884); The Seven Voices of the Cross (1886); Christ and Modern Life (1894); Map of the Armenian Massacres (1896); Christ in the City: some Elements of Religion in Common Life (1899); Great Solemnity: Lessons from the Sacring of the King (1902); Baptism and National Life (1904); The Christian Sunday: a Manual of Prayer and Instruction (1907).
OTTLEY, ROBERT LAWRENCE: Church of England; b. at Richmond (22 m. n.w. of Ripon), Yorkshire, Sept. 2, 1856. He was educated at Pembroke College, Oxford (B.A., 1878), and Christ Church, Oxford (M.A., 1881), where he was student in 1879-86 and tutor in 1883-86. He was ordered deacon in 1881 and ordained priest two years later. He was vice-principal of Cuddesdon College (1886-90), after which he was dean of divinity in Magdalen College, Oxford (1890-93), fellow and tutor of Magdalen, as well as principal of Pusey House, Oxford (1893-97), rector of Winterbourne Bassett (1897-1903), was appointed canon of Christ Church, Oxford, and regius professor of pastoral theology in the University of Oxford (1903), both which dignities he still retains. He was also examining chaplain to the bishops of Durham (1884-87) and Oxford (1890-93), select preacher at the University of Oxford (1889-90), and Bampton lecturer in 1897. Since 1904 he has been examining chaplain in England to the bishop of St. John's, Kaffraria. Besides contributing the essay on Christian Ethics to Lux Mundi (London, 1889), he has written Lancelot Andrewes (London, 1894); The Doctrine of the Incarnation (2 vols., 1896); Aspects of the Old Testament (1897) ; The Hebrew Prophets (1898); Short History of the Hebrews (Cambridge, 1902); The Religion of Israel (1905); and Christian Ideas and Ideals. An Outline of Christian Ethical Theory (1909).
OTTO OF BAMBERG: Apostle of Pomerania; b. in Swabia about 1060; d. at Bamberg (33 m. n. of Nuremberg) June 30, 1139. Destined for the Church in early life, he came while still a young man to the court of the Polish Duke Ladislaus,
Otto of Bamberg Otto