THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
OTTO, RUDOLF: German Protestant; b. at Peine (20 m. s.e. of Hanover) Sept. 25, 1869. He was educated at the universities of Erlangen and Gottingen (Th.Lic, 1898) ; became privat-docent for systematic theology at the latter institution, 1898, and extraordinary professor, 1906. In theology he belongs to the historical and critical school, and has written Die Anschauung vom heiligen Geiste bei Luther (Gottingen, 1898); Das Leben und Wirken Jem nach historisch-kritischer Auffassung (1901, 2d ed., 1902); Naturalistische und religiose Weltansicht (Tubingen, 1904, 2d ed., 1909; Eng. transl., Science of Religion, London, 1906); Kantisch^Fries'che ReligionsphUosophie und ihre Anwendung auf die Theologie (1909); and Goethe und Darwin. Darwinismus und Religion (Gottingen, 1909); besides editing Schleiermacher's Ueber die Religion (Gottingen, 1899).
OUDIN, u"dan', REMI-C ASIMIR : French Reformed theologian; b. at Mezieres (28 m. n.e. of Reims) in 1638; d. at Leyden in 1719. He entered the order of the Premonstrants in 1656, studied theology and church history at Verdun and Bucilly. He attracted attention to himself by a graceful extemporaneous compliment to Louis XIV. The general of his order saw in him the qualities necessary to fit him for a commission to gather all important data pertaining to history which existed in their cloisters, which commission he undertook in 1681, bringing him to the archives of eighty different monasteries in the Netherlands, Lorraine, Burgundy, and Alsace. In 1683 he came into touch with the Reformed theologian Jiirieu and others, with the result that he wavered in his Roman Catholic faith. Accused of heresy, he fled to Holland in 1692, where he became a Protestant. Two years later he was made assistant librarian at the library of Leyden.
His principal work was Commentarius de scriptoribus ecclesice antiquis, iUorumque scriptis adhuc exstantibus in celebrioribus Europoe bibliothecis (published posthumously, Leipsic, 1722). Besides this he wrote Supplementum de scriptoribus vel scriptis ecclesiasticis a Bellarmino omissis (Paris, 1686); he Premontre defroquS (Leyden, 1692); Gallice et Belgice scriptorum opuscula (1692); and Trias dissertationum criticarum (1717).
(G. Bonet-Maury.)
Bibliography: Niceron, Mimoires, vols. i. and x.; Lichtenberger, ESR, x. 112-113.
OUEN (Audoenus), SAINT: Roman Catholic archbishop; b. at Sancy (near Soissons), in the department of Aisne, in 609; d. Aug. 24, 689. He was chancellor of Dagobert I., and founded, in 634, the abbey of R6bais, but entered afterward the service of the Church, and was in 640 appointed archbishop of Rouen. He wrote a Vita Elegii, which is found in L. d 'Archery's Spicilegium, new edition, ii. 76-122 (Paris, 1723), and in MPL, lxxxvii. 479- 594. This work is of great interest for the history of the seventh century.
Bibliography: Early Vitce and legendary materials are collected in ASB, Aug., iv. 794-840. Consult: Petit, Hist. de S. Ouen, Rouen, 1860; J. Engling, Der heilige Audoen, Luxemburg, 1867; E. Vacandard, Vie de Saint Ouen, tvtque de Rouen, Paris, 1902.
OVENDEN, CHARLES THOMAS: Church of England; b. at Enniskillen (72 m. s.w. of Belfast) Ireland, Sept. 11, 1846. He received his education at the Portora Royal School, Enniskillen, Mannheim, Germany, and Trinity College, Dublin (B A 1869; M.A., 1874; B.D., 1882; D.D., 1891); was made deacon in 1870, and priest the same year' was curate of St. Anne's, Belfast, 1870-72; rector of Dunluce, County Antrim, 1872-79; succentor of St. Patrick's, Dublin, and warden of the grammarschool, 1879-84; rector of Bally willan, Portrush 1884-86; precentor of Clogher, 1886-1903; chaplain to the lord lieutenant of Ireland, 1889-1903; dean of Clogher since 1903; also rural dean of Enniskillen since 1887. He has written: In the Day of Trouble (London, 1901); Enthusiasm of Christianity (1902); The Face of Nature; popular Readings in elementary Science (1902); " To Whom shall we gof " an Examination of some Difficulties presented by Unbelief (1902); The Church Navvy; Thoughts on the pioneer Work of the Church (1903); Foundation of a Happy Life (1905); Deep Questions (1907); and Popular Science for Parochial Evenings (1909).
OVERBERG, BERNHARD HEINRICH: The
theological head of a group of devout Roman Catholics usually known as the Gallitzin circle from Amalie, Princess Gallitzin; b. at Hockel (near Bersenbruck, 80 m. w.n.w. of Hanover) May 1, 1754; d. at Minister Nov. 9, 1826. Educated at the Early Franciscan gymnasium at Rheine-on-
Career as the-Ems (1770-74) and the theolog- Scholar and ical seminary at Miinster (1774-80),
Teacher, and at the same time being a private tutor in Miinster and giving religious instruction at his home in the vacations, he was ordained priest in 1780. After three years as curate at Ewerswirkel, he was called to Miinster as an instructor in the new normal school. Before entering upon his duties he made a tour of inspection of the schools of the diocese (1783-84), and then opened the normal school, which gave an autumn vacation course of two or three months, giving teachers the correct method of imparting instruction in religion and other subjects. Many teachers also took advantage of his lectures during vacations. At the same time, he conducted free catechizing throughout the year in the French cloister, summarizing each Sunday in his sermons the lectures he had given during the week.
In 1789 Overberg entered new surroundings which were to extend his influence not only through Roman Catholic circles in Germany, but also spread his fame among Protestants. His appointment as private chaplain to Princess Adelheid The Amalie Gallitzin brought about this
Princess change. This lady (b. at Berlin Aug.
Gallitzin. 28, 1748; d. at Angelmodde, near Miinster, Apr. 27, 1806), though educated a Roman Catholic, had become, partly through her Berlin associations as maid of honor to the Princess Ferdinand, practically a rationalistic Protestant. At the age of twenty she had married the Russian Prince Dmitri Alexeyevich Gallitzin (b. 1735; d. 1803), a friend of Voltaire, Helvetius, and