RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Peace Movements Pearson, John
Hague and its Bearings on International Law, New York, 1900; C. Sumner, Addresses on War, in his Works, Boston, 1900; Baroness von Suttner, Die Haager Friedenskonferenz, Dresden, 1900; idem, Lay Down Your Arms, New York, 1905; O. Kellerman, War and Peace, London, 1901; T. T. Martens, La Paix et la guerre, Paris, 1901; J. de Bloch, The Future of War, Boston, 1902; G. Ferrero. Militarism, London, 1902; J. Barr, Christianity and War, Glasgow, 1903; W. E. Channing, Discourses on War, republished Boston, 1903; E. Duplessix, Vers la paix; droits et devoirs des nations, Paris, 1903; W. E. Darby, International Tribunals, London, 1904; J, W. Foster, Arbitration and the Hague Court, Boston, 1904; C. Meurer, Die Haager Friedenskonferenz, Munich, 1904; H. Weissenborn, Blessings of Universal Peace, Jersey City, 1905; R. L. Bridgman, World Organization, Boston, 1906; F. W. Hirst, Arbiter in Council; Papers on War, Peace, and Arbitration, New York, 1906; L. A. Mead, Patriotism and the New Internationalism, Boston, 1906; W. Walsh, The Moral Damage of War, Boston, 1906; J. Addams, Newer Ideals of Peace, New York, 1907; H. Davis, Among the World's Peace-Makers; Epitome of the Interparliamentary Union, New York, 1907; V H. Duras, Universal Peace, New York, 1908; W. I. Hull, The Two Hague Conferences, Boston, 1908; J. B. Scott, Texts of the Peace Conferences at the Hague, Boston, 1908; J. B. Moore, International Arbitrations, Washington (government publication); and the Proceedings and Reports of the various congresses, conferences and peace societies.
PEACOCKE, JOSEPH FERGUSON: Church of Ireland archbishop of Dublin, and primate of Ireland; b. in County Queens, Nov. 5, 1835. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1857) and was ordered deacon in 1858 and ordained priest in the following year. He was curate of St. Mary's, Kilkenny (1858-61); secretary of the Hibernian Church Missionary Society (1861-63); curate of Monkstown (1863-73); incumbent of St. George's, Dublin (1873-78); and rector of Monkstown (1878- 1894). He was also prebendary of Dunlavin and canon of St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin, from 1875 to 1894, when he was appointed professor of pastoral theology in Trinity College, Dublin. He was select preacher at the University of Dublin in 1876-77, 1882-83, and 1888, and at the University of Cambridge in 1899. In 1894 he was consecrated bishop of Meath, and in 1897 was elevated to the archdiocese of Dublin. He is also bishop of Glendalough and of Kildare, and prebendary of Cualaun.
PEAKE, ARTHUR SAMUEL: English Primitive Methodist layman; b. at Leek (27 m. s.e. of Manchester), Staffordshire, Nov. 24, 1865. He was educated at St. John's College, Oxford (B.A., 1887; M.A., 1890), and was fellow of Merton College, Oxford (1890-97). He was lecturer in Mansfield College, Oxford (1890-92), and since 1892 has been a tutor in the Primitive Methodist College, Manchester, lecturer in Lancastershire Independent College since 1895, and since 1904 he has also been professor of Biblical exegesis and dean of the theological faculty in the University of Manchester. In theology he holds to " liberal evangelism of the Pauline type, with special emphasis on Paul's doctrines of the solidarity of the race and the mystical union of the believer with Christ." In Old-Testament criticism he is Grafian, and in New-Testament criticism defends the validity of the critical method, but is not radical in his results. He " accepts the doctrines of the Trinity and the deity of Christ, and the redeeming quality of his death and the
reality of his resurrection." He has edited the current literature section in the Primitive Methodist Quarterly Review since 1892 and a volume of inaugural lectures by members of the theological faculty of Victoria University (Manchester, 1906), to which he contributed his own lecture on The Present Movement of Biblical Science, and has written A Guide to Biblical Study (London, 1897) ; The Problem of Suffering in the Old Testament (1904) ; Reform in Sunday School Teaching (1906); Christianity: Its Nature and Truth (1908, 6th ed., 1909); A Critical Introduction to the New Testament (1909) ; and Heroes and Martyrs of Faith (1910), and has prepared the volumes on Hebrews and Job for The Century Bible (Edinburgh, 1902, 1905) and Colossians for The Expositor's Greek Testament (London, 1903).
PEARSON, ELIPHALET: American theologian; b. at Byfield, Mass., June 11, 1752; d. at Greenland, N. H., Sept. 12, 1826. He was educated at Harvard and soon after graduation was called to teach a grammar-school at Andover, Mass., where in 1778 he was appointed principal of the newly founded Philips Academy. He held this position until 1786; then was professor of Hebrew and Oriental languages at Harvard, 1786-1806. In 1806 he resigned his professorship at Harvard, was ordained in the Congregational Church, and went to Andover. He was one of the founders of the Andover Theological Seminary, was professor of sacred literature 1808-09, and president of the board of trustees for nineteen years. He was founder of the Massachusetts Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, secretary of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was the most conspicuous man in forming the American Education Society. Pearson wrote comparatively little, his most important publication being A Letter to the Candid (Boston, 1831).
Bibliography: W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, ii. 126-131, New York, 1859.
PEARSON, JOHN: Church of England bishop and scholar; b. at Great Snoring (23 m. n.w. of Norwich), Norfolk, Feb. 28, 1613; d. at Chester July 16, 1686. He was educated at Eton (1623-31) and at Cambridge (admitted at Queen's, June 10, 1631; elected scholar of King's, Apr., 1632; fellow 1634; B.A., 1635; M.A., 1639; D.D., 1660); and took orders in 1639. In 1640 he became prebendary of Salisbury and rector of Thorington in Suffolk. He was an outspoken royalist and in 1645 acted as chaplain to Lord Goring 's forces at Exeter. After the king's cause was hopelessly lost he retired to London and remained there till the Restoration. From 1654 he preached weekly as lector, without remuneration, at St. Clement's, Eastcheap; and he wrote much in defense of the English Church against both Roman Catholics and Puritans. He supplied prefaces for various books, his reputation for scholarship making his commendation much sought for. Walton's Polyglot (see Bibles, Polyglot, IV.) was indebted to him for pecuniary aid, but he seems to have done no work upon it. After the Restoration he became rector of St. Christopherle-Stocks, London, prebendary of Ely, archdeacon of Surrey, royal chaplain, and master of Jesus
Pearson, John Peasants' War