THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ism and its Leaders, Edinburgh, 1861; S. Hopkins, Puritans of the Reigns of Edward VI. and Elizabeth, 3 vols., ib. 1862; W. C. Martyn, The Great Reformation, vol. iv., History of the English Puritans, New York, 1868; L. Bacon, Genesis of the New England Churches, ib. 1874; H. O. Wakeman, The Church and the Puritans, 1570- 1660, London, 1877, new ed., 1SS7; C. E. Ellis, The Puritan Age and Rule in the Colony of Massachusetts Bay, 1629-85, Boston, 1SSS; D. Campbell, The Puritan in England, Holland and America, New York, 1S92; John Brown, The Pilgrim Fathers of Xew England, and their Puritan Successors, ib. 1895; J. Gregory, Puritanism in the Old World and the New, ib. 1896; O. P. Temple, The Covenanter, Cavalier and Puritan, ib. 1897; E. H. Byington, The Puritan as a Colonist and Reformer, Boston, 1899; idem, The Puritan in England and New England, ib. 1900; E. Dowden, Puritan and Anglican. Studies in Literature, London, 1900; C. H. Firth, Oliver Cromwell and the Rule of the Puritans in England, New York, 1900; H. M. and Morton Dexter, The England and Holland of the Puritans, Boston, 1905 (" contains a mass of trustworthy information "); S. R. Maitland, Reformation in England, ib. 1906 (chaps, i.— ii. deal with Puritanism); S. C. Beach, Daughters of the Puritans, ib. 1907; E. B. Hulbert, The English Reformation and Puritanism, Chicago, 1907; I. W. Riley, American Philosophy; the early Schools, pp. 37 sqq., New York, 1907; J. Heron, A Short Hist, of Puritanism, ib. 1908; J. E. Kirkbye, Puritanism in the South, Boston, 1909; A Schalck de la Faverie, Les Premiers Interpretes de la pensee americaine. Essaid'hist. et de litterature sur revolution du puritanisme aux Etats-Vnis, Paris, 1909; Winnifred Cockshott, The Pilgrim Fathers: their Church and Colony, New York, 1910; B. Blaxford, The Struggle with Puritanism, London, 1910; J. H. Burn, The struggle [of the Church of England] with Puritanism, ib. 1910; J. Brown, The English Puritans, ib. 1910; R. G. Usher, The Reconstruction of the English Church, 2 vols., New York, 1910.
PURVES, GEORGE TYBOUT: Presbyterian; b. in Philadelphia Sept. 27, 1852; d. in New York Sept. 24, 1901. He was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania (1872) and of Princeton Theological Seminary (1876) ; was pastor of the Presbyterian church at Wayne, Pa., 1877-80; of the Boundary Avenue Presbyterian Church, Baltimore, 1880-1886; of the first Presbyterian Church, Pittsburg, 1886-92; professor of New-Testament literature and exegesis in Princeton Theological Seminary, 1892-1900; and pastor of the Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church, New York City, from 1900 till his death. He was the author of The Testimony of Justin Martyr to Early Christianity (Stone lectures for 1899 at Princeton Theological Seminary; New York, 1899) ; Christianity in the Apostolic Age (1900) ; Joy in Service (sermons; 1901); Faith and Life (sermons; 1902); and The Sinless Christ (sermons; 1902).
PURVES, JAMES: Scotch sectary; b. at Blackadder (10 m. w. of Berwick upon Tweed) Sept. 23, 1734; d. at Edinburgh Feb. 1 (or 15), 1795. His father was a shepherd, and the son in 1755 united with a religious society belonging to certain " fellowship societies " founded in Berwickshire by a James Fraser, connected with the " Reformed presbytery " from 1743 to 1753. After reading Isaac Watts' Dissertation on. the Logos he adopted the doctrine of the preexistence of the human soul of Christ; gaining influence in the societies, he was sent as a commissioner to Ireland to certain societies there of like faith. Meanwhile the societies were without a stated ministry, but in 1769 Purves was selected by lot to prepare for this work. He was sent to Glasgow College in 1769, where he gained some
knowledge of Latin, Greek, and Hebrew. In 1771 a statement of the theology of the societies was drawn up by Purves, involving Arian positions and free examination of the Scriptures untrammelled by creeds. In 1776 one of these societies was founded in Edinburgh, and Purves was called as pastor, and in 1792 the name " Universalist Dissenters " was adopted. The congregations were small, but Purves supplemented his pulpit work by a considerable literary activity, printing himself some of the tracts which embodied his views, even casting the Hebrew type. He issued in all about twenty publications, of which the most important are A Short Abstract of the Principles of the United Societies in
Scotland (n.p., 1771); Observations on Prophetic Times and Similitudes (2 parts, Edinburgh, 1777- 1778); A Hebrew Grammar without Points (Edinburgh, 1779; has some very excellent qualities); An Humble Attempt to Investigate the Scrip-
ture Doctrine concerning the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit (1784); An Humble Enquiry into Faith and Regeneration (1788); Observations on the Visions of the Apostle John (2 vols., 1789-93); and A Declaration of the Religious Opinions of the Universalist Dissenters (1793).
Biblioorapay: A memoir by T. C. Holland is printed in the Monthly Repository, 1820, pp. 77 sqq.; DNB, xlvii. 50-51.
PURVEY, JOHN: Reviser of the Wyclif translation of the Bible; b. about 1354; d. about 1428. He was from Lathbury (5 m. s. of Olney); was probably educated at Oxford; associated with John Wyclif at Lutterworth for some time before 1384, and after Wyclif's death became a leader of the Lollard party; he preached at Bristol, but was silenced in Aug., 1387, by the Bishop of Worcester. In 1390 he was in prison, and while there compiled from Wyclif's writings a commentary on Revelation. In 1400 he recanted his Lollardy at St. Paul's Cross, London; was by the archdeacon of Canterbury admitted to the vicarage of West Hythe, Kent, but resigned Oct. 8, 1403, and was again in prison in 1421. He is chiefly remembered for his revision of Wyclif's and Nicholas Hereford's translation of the Bible, which he completed in 1388 (see Bible Vehsions, B, IV., § 2). To this revision he wrote a prologue of great length and interest. He was also the author of Remonstrances against Romish Corruptions in the Church, Addressed to the People and Parliament of England in 1S9B (ed. J. Forshall, London, 1851).
Bibliography: T. Netter, Fasciculi zizaniorum, ed. W. H. Shirley, pp. lxviii., 383,400-407, London, 1858; Wyclif's New Testament in English, ed. J. Forshall and F. Madden, vol. i., Oxford, 1850, new ed., 1879; J. I. Mombert, Hand-Book of the English Versions of the Bible, pp. 45, 55-57, New York, 1883; G. V. Lechler, John Wycliffe and his English Precursors, pp. 220, 407, 452^53, now ed., London, 1884; W. W. Capes, The English Church in the Hth and 15th Centuries, passim, ib. 1900; G. II. Trevclyan, England in the Age of Wycliffe, pp. 224-225, Phila delphia, 1907; J. Gairdner, Lollardy and the Reformation in England, i. 52, 59, 116, 195, London, 1908; DNB. xlvii. 51-52.
PUSEY, EDWARD BOUVERIE: Church of Eng. land tractarian; b. at Pusey (12 m. s.w. of Oxford) Aug. 22, 1800; d. at Ascot Priory, Oxford, Sept. 16, 1882. He was the second son of the first Viscount Folkestone, Jacob Bouverie, descending