RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Rabaut Rabergb.
cueil de pieces sur les divers projets qui ont ete caucus, depuis la Reformation jusqu'a ce jour, pour la reunion de toutes les communions chretiennes (Paris, 1806); Notice historique sur la situation des eglises chretiennes reformees en France depuis lew retablissement jusqu'a ce jour (1806); and Annuaire ou repertoire ecclesiastique a I'usage des eglises reformees et protestantes (1807). (Eugen Lachenmann.) Bibliography: The works by Haag and Borrel given under Rabaut, Paul.
RABAUT-POMMIER, JACQUES-A N T O I N E :
French Protestant, second son of Paul Rabaut (q. v.) ; b. at Nimes Oct 24, 1744; d. at Paris Mar. 16, 1820. He was, together with his elder brother, educated at Geneva and Lausanne. In 1770 he was called to Marseilles as preacher, being the first of his faith to occupy a pulpit since the abrogation of the Edict of Nantes. In 1782 he went to Montpellier, where, with the assistance of some friends he was enabled to found a large hospital. During his stay in the southern part of France he was busy with scientific and medical studies, becoming the first advocate of vaccination as a preventive of smallpox. In 1790 tie was elected to the magistracy of Montpellier, and in 1792 representative to the national convention. He was under Robespierre's rule arrested, out by some error overlooked, and after Robespierre's death was liberated. Napoleon created aim vice-prefect of Vigan. On Dec. 3, 1802, the sonsistory of Paris called him (together with Marron and Jean Monod) to fill a pulpit in the latter 3ity, where he labored with splendid results until Mar. 17, 1816, when he was exiled for the part played by him in the proceedings against Louis XVI. Two years later Count Boissy d'Anglas Drought about his reinstatement, but, owing to infirmities due to the many vicissitudes of his active career, he died two years later. His only publications are Napoleon liberateur, discours religieux (Paris, 1810); and Sermon d'actione de graces sur le retour de Louis XVIII. (1814).
(Eugen Lachenmann.)
Bibliography : Consult the Notice biographique by Coquerel in Nouvel annuaire protestant, pp. 299-325, Paris, 1821; A. Lods, Le Pasteur Rabaut Pommier, membre de la Convention Nationale, 1744-1820, Paris, 1893; and the literature under Rabaut, Paul, especially the work of A. Borrel.
RABBINIC BIBLES. See Bibles, Rabbinic.
RABBINISM: A term applied to the scholastic Judaism which developed from the fourth pre- Christian century till the completion of the Talmud. See Israel, History of, II. 1, 2, §§ 3-4; Midrash; Talmud.
RABBULA, ra'bu-la (RABULAS): Bishop of Edessa 411-435. He was born at Ginnesrin (Chalcis) in Syria of a heathen father and Christian mother, and was baptized in the Jordan. His name signifies " chief shepherd." He was the predecessor and opponent of Ibas, and a decided supporter of the Synod of Ephesus, 432. He was described as a bishop whom his flock both feared and loved, a second Josiah in his zeal for the Church, destroying the synagogue of the Bardesanites and the chapel of the Arians, conquering the Marcionites by patience and the Manicheans by wisdom, and pro-
curing peace by removing Borborians, Audians, Sadducees, and Messalians, until the heresy of Nestorius again caused dissension. On the question whether the building which he changed into a chapel of St. Stephen was a synagogue of the Jews or a place of worship of the Audians cf. Hallier in TV, ix. 1 (1892), 106. His writings refer chiefly to matters of church discipline and rules for monks and clerics. Fragments of his correspondence with Andrew of Samosata, Gemellinus of Perrhi, and Cyril of Alexandria (q.v.) are extant. He translated the treatise of the last-named on the Incarnation (cf. Bedjan, Acta martyrum, v. 628-696, Paris, 1895; MPG, Ixxvi. 1 144, and Guidi, in Rendiconti dei Lined, May- June, 1886, pp. 416, 546) . There are known also some church hymns, which seem to be translated from the Greek, and a sermon preached at Constantinople on the question whether the Virgin may be called theotokos. It seems certain that the revision of the New Testament which is ascribed to him by his biographer, is the Peshito (cf. Journal of Theological Studies, vii. 2 ; Studia Biblica et Ecclesiastica, v. 231, 1903; and see Bible Versions, A., III. Cf . also F. C. Burkitt, Early Eastern Christianity, London, 1904) . Whether he is the person mentioned in the Syriac inscription " Rabbula made the throne; his memory be blessed " (Littmann, Semitic Inscriptions, 1905) is not easily decided.
E. Nestle. Bibliography: The prose writings are in Germ, transl. by Bickell in Thalhofer's Bibliothek der Kirchenvater, x. 153- 271, Kempten, 1875. Consult: J. S. Assemani, Bibliotheca Orientalis, i. 198, Rome, 1719; Bar Hebraeus, Nomocanon, in A. Mai, Scriptorum veterum nova collectio, vol. x., Rome, 1838 (contains numerous quotations); Tillemont, Memoires, xiv. 504-506,563-565; Ephraemi Syri, Rabulm episcopi Edesseni, Balcei, aliorumque opera selecta, ed. J. J. Overbeek, pp. 152-248, 362-378, Oxford, 1865; G. Hoffmann, Verhandlungen der Kirchenversammlung zu Ephesus, 449, Kiel, 1873; F. Lagrange, in Science catholique, Sept., 1888; R. Duval, La Litterature Syriaque, pp. 341— 343, Paris, 1900. The " life " is in P. Bedjan, Acta martyrum et sanctorum, iv. 398-460, Paris, 1894; cf. L. Kohler, in Schweizerische theologische Zeitschrift, xxv (1908), 210- 224 (begins a series of studies in Syriac literature with a sketch of Rabbula); and especially the work of Burkitt named in the text; also O. Bardenhewer, Patrologie, pp. 323-324, 347-348, Freiburg, 1901. The sketch in DCB, iv. 532-534 is very full.
RABERGH, ra'barH, HERMAN: Finnish bishop; b. in Abo (150 m. n.e. of Stockholm), Finland, Sept. 4, 1838. He received his education at Helsingfors (B.A., 1858; Candidate in Theology, 1867; Lie. and Th.D., 1872); in 1872 he was appointed privat-docent, and in 1873 professor, of church history there. Because of prolonged vacancies in the faculty of theology he was obliged to act as professor of practical theology (1876-82) and of dogmatics (1885-92), besides discharging the duties connected with his own chair. His earlier researches were in general ecclesiastical history, his later historical contributions were to Finnish church history. His personal influence with the students was very marked, while his activities were extensive as preacher and as member of various church societies; he was pastor (1870-75) and rector (1875-84) of the Deaconess' Home in Helsingfors; president of the Finnish Missionary Society (1886-90), and director of the Helsingfors City Mission (1883-93) . In 1892 he was made bishop of Borga. As bishop he has
Racovian Catechism Baebig-er