THE NEW
SCHAFMERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
EDITED BY
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
( Editor-in- Chief )
WITH THE ASSISTANCE OF
CHARLES COLEBROOK SHERMAN
[VOLUMES I— VI]
AND
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
{Associate Editors)
AND THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENT EDITORS
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D.
(Department of Systematic Theology )
HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.
(Department of Minor Denominations)
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders)
^ms^m^m\mtm/ff^K ll.d.
lent ofjffiel&ld Testament)
iE^^«^Vfell^RRilfA3SH,GD.D.
(Department of the New Testament)
itagT HENRY cNeWmAN0^^«L.D.
FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A.
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography)
Complete in twelve IDoIumes
FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY NEW YORK AND LONDON
THE NEW
SCHAFF-HERZOG ENCYCLOPEDIA
OF
RELIGIOUS KNOWLEDGE
EDITED BY
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
( Editor-in- Chief )
WITH THE SOLE ASSISTANCE, AFTER VOLUME VI., OF
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
{Associate Editor)
AND THE FOLLOWING DEPARTMENT EDITORS
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D.
(Department of Systematic Theology )
HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.
(Department of Minor Denominations)
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders)
JAMES FREDERIC McCURDY, PH.D., LL.D.
(Department of the Old Testament)
HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.
(Department of the New Testament)
ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.
(Department of Church History)
FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A.
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography)
VOLUME X REUSCH — SON OF GOD
FUNK AND WAGNALLS COMPANY
NEW YORK AND LONDON
Copyright, 1911, by FUNK & WAGNALLS COMPANY
Registered at Stationers' Hall, London, England
Printed in the United States of America Published May, 1911
EDITORS
SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D.
(Editok-in-Chief. ) Professor of Church History, New York University.
GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A.
(Associate Editor.) New York, Formerly Professor of Biblical History and Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary.
DEPARTMENT EDITORS, VOLUME X
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D.,
{Department of Systematic Theology.)
Professor of Systematic Theology, Chicago Theological
Seminary.
HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.,
(Department of Minor Denominations.)
Secretary of Executive Committee of the Western Section
for the Fourth Ecumenical Methodist Conference.
JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.,
(Department of Liturgies and Religious Orders.) Rector of St. Gabriel's, New Rochelle, N. Y.
JAMES FREDERICK McCURDY, Ph.D., LL.D.,
(Department of the Old Testament.)
Professor of Oriental Languages, University College,
Toronto.
HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.,
(Department of the New Testament.) Professor of the Literature and Interpretation of the New Testament, Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass.
ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., LL.D.,
(Department of Church History.)
Professor of Church History, Southwestern Baptist
Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Tex.
FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, F.S.A.,
(Department of Pronunciation and Typography.)
Managing Editor of the Standard Dictionary, etc.,
New York City.
CONTBIBUTOES AND COLLABOKATOKS, VOLUME X
JUSTIN EDWARDS ABBOTT, D.D.,
Missionary in Bombay, India.
HANS ACHELIS, Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Halle.
FRANKLIN CARL ARNOLD, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Breslau. _,
BRUNO BAENTSCH (f), Ph.D., Th.D.,
Late Professor, University of Jena. FERENCZ BALOGH, D.D.,
Professor of Church History, Reformed Theological Acadtemy, Debreczen, Hungary.
HERMANN GEORG JULIUS BECK,
Consistorial Councilor and First Preacher, Bayreuth.
CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH,
D.D.,
Professor of Systematic Theology, Seminary.
Chicago Theological
KARL BENRATH, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Konigsberg.
IMMANUEL GUSTAV ADOLF BENZIN-
GER, Ph.D., Th.Lic,
German Orientalist and Vice-Consul for Holland in Jerusalem.
CARL BERTHEAU (t), Th.D.,
Late Pastor at St. Michael's, Hamburg.
EDWIN MUNSELL BLISS, D.D.,
Author of Books on Missions, Washington, D. C.
AMY GASTON CHARLES AUGUSTE BONET-MAURY, D.D., LL.D.,
Professor of Church History, Independent School of Divinity, Paris.
GOTTLIEB NATHANAEL BONWETSCH, Th.D.,
Professor of Church History, University of Gottingen.
GUSTAV BOSSERT, Ph.D., Th.D.,
Retired Pastor, Stuttgart.
JOHANN FRANZ WILHELM BOUSSET, Th.D.,
Professor of New Testament Exegesis, University of Gottingen.
FRIEDRICH HEINRICH BRANDES, Th.D.,
Reformed Minister and Chaplain at Buckeburg, Schaumburg-Lippe.
KARL BURGER (f), Th.D., Late Supreme Consistorial Councilor, Munich.
JOHN CAIRNS,
Clergyman of the United Free Church of Scotland, Dumfries, Scotland.
PAOLO CALVINO,
Pastor at Lugano, Switzerland. HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.,
Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Western Section for the Fourth Ecumenical Methodist Conference.
CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME X.