THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ministry; and in 1745 was vicar at Wigoldingen, Switzerland. In 1746 he was commissioned by the synods of Holland a missionary to the destitute German churches of Pennsylvania, with special directions to visit the scattered settlements, to organize pastoral charges, and, if possible, to form a coetus, or synod. Schlatter arrived in Philadelphia Sept. 6, 1746, and was installed pastor of the united Reformed churches at Philadelphia and Germantown, Jan. 1, 1747, and proceeded to prosecute his special mission with great vigor. He traveled (1747-51) a distance of not less than 8,000 miles, throughout parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, New Jersey, and New York, and preached 635 times. He estimated that there were at this time 30,000 German Reformed people in Pennsylvania, with fifty-three small churches, and four settled pastors. Schlatter formed the congregations into pastoral charges; and Sept. 29, 1747, the pastors and delegated elders met, at his instance, at Philadelphia, and organized the German Reformed coetus, or synod (see Reformed [German] Church). In the mean time trouble arose in the church at Philadelphia; a faction opposed the discipline and close alliance with Holland and chose as pastor, in Schlatter's place, J. C Steiner, a recent arrival from Switzerland. In 1751 Schlatter went to Europe at the instance of the synod, where he succeeded in reassuring the synods of Holland discouraged by reports of the strife, and in raising a fund of £12,000 for the destitute churches in America on the condition, however, that the coetus in America must be entirely subject to the Church in Holland. In 1752 he returned to America, accompanied by six young ministers, and bringing 700 large Bibles for distribution to churches and families. While in Europe, he published, in Dutch, a " Journal " (Amsterdam, 1751; Germ, transl., Frankfort, 1752) of his missionary labors, containing an earnest appeal in behalf of the Germans in America. A large sum of money, said to have been £20,000, was collected and placed in the hands of a Society for the Promotion of the Knowledge of God among the Germans. In 1755 Schlatter was induced to resign his church in Philadelphia, and to become superintendent of the proposed charity schools. The establishment of these English schools aroused strong opposition among the Germans, and his position became unpopular. Accordingly he resigned in 1757 and accepted a chaplaincy in the Royal American regiment. He accompanied the expedition to Louisburg and remained with the army till 1759. He subsequently lived in retirement at Chestnut Hill, near Philadelphia. During the American Revolution he was an earnest patriot, and was for some time imprisoned for refusing to continue his position as chaplain in the British army.
Bibliography: H. Harbaugh, The Life of Rev, Michael Schlatter, Philadelphia, 1857; H. W. Smith, Life and Correspondence of Rev. William Smith, D.D., vol. i., ib. 1879; J. H. Dubbs, Founding of the German Churches of Pennsylvania, ib. 1VJ3; idem, in American Church History Series, viii. 278-289, New York, 1895; H. E. Jacobs, in the same, iv. 2SS-2S9, ib. 1893.
SCHLECHT, shleHt, JOSEF: German Roman Catholic; b. at Wending (37 m. n. of Augsburg),
Bavaria, Jan. 20, 1857 He was educated at the gymnasium of Eichstatt and the University of Munich; was curate at Eichstatt (1885-89); a member of the clerical staff of the Campo Santo, Rome, and director of the historical institute of the Gorresgesellschaft in the same city (1890-91); instructor in the Lyceum of Eichstatt (1892-93); associate professor at the Lyceum of Dillingen (1893-97); and since 1897 has been connected with the Lyceum of Freising, where he has been successively associate professor (1897-1902) and full professor (since 1902). Besides being associate editor of the second volume of Die katholische Kirche unserer Zeit und ihre Diener in Wort und Bild (Munich, 1900); Eichstdtts Kimst (1901); Kirchliches Handlexikon (1904 sqq.); and Kalender bayrischer und schwdbischer Kunst (Munich, 1906); he has written Poesie des Sozialismus (Wiirzburg, 1883) ; Zur Kunstgeschichte der Stadt Eichstatt (Eichstatt, 1888); Eichstatt im Schwedenkriege (1889); Die Pfalzgrafen Philipp und Heinrich als Bischofe von Freising (Freising, 1898); Doctrina duodecim Apostolorum (Freiburg, 1900); Die Apostellehre in der Liturgie der katholischen Kirche (1901); Bayems Kirchenprovinzen (Munich, 1902); Das Leben Jesu (in collaboration with P. Schumacher; 1902); Andrea Zamometie, i (Paderborn, 1903) ; and edited Kilian Leib's Briefwechsel und Diarien (Munster, 1909).
SCHLEIERMACHER, shlai'er-maH"er, FRIED- RICH DANIEL ERNST.
Life to 1796 (§ 1).
First Berlin Period (§2).
The Reden (§ 3).
The " Monologues "; Stolpe Period (§ 4).
At Halle; Call to Berlin (§ 5).
Incidental Activities, 1811-32 (§ 6).