RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Sculpture Seabury
dorf, 1903; R. S. L. Gower, Michael Angela Buonarotti, London, 1903; D. A. E. Lindsay, Donatello, ib. 1903; A. Brach, Nicola und Giovanni Pisano und die Plastik des xiv. Jahrhunderts in Siena, Strasburg, 1904; M. Sauerland, Die Bildwerke des Giovanni Pisano, Diisseldorf, 1904; A. Alexander, Donatello, Paris, 1905; H. Bergner, Handbuch der kirchlichen Kunstaltertumer in Deutschland, Leipsic, 1905.
For the modern period consult: A. Woltmann, Die deutsche Kunst und die Reformation, Berlin, 1867; A. Oppermann, Ernst Rietschel, Leipsic, 1873; F. and K. Eggers, C. D. Rauch, 5 vols., Berlin, 1873-91; C. Gurlitt, Geschichte des Barock, Rokoko und Klassizismus, Stuttgart, 1887-89; L. and E. L. de Taeye, Etudes sur les arts plastiques en Belgique, Brussels, 1891; A. Sach, Hans Bruggemann, Sleswick, 1896; B. Daun, Adam Kraft, Berlin, 1897; idem, Veit Stoss und seine Schule, Leipsic, 1903; A. R. Willard, Hist, of Modem Art, London, 1900; M. H. Spielmann, British Sculpture and Sculptors of Today, ib. 1901; W. C. Brownell, French Art, Westminster, 1902; D. Christison, The Carvings and Inscriptions on the Kirkyard Monuments of the Scottish Lowlands, Edinburgh, 1902; E. Claris, De Vimpressionisme en sculpture, Paris, 1902; H. Thode, Michelangelo und das Ende der Renaissance, 2 vols., Berlin, 1902-03; A. Heilma^er, Die moderne Plastik in Deutschland, Leipsic, 1903; E. Humblot, Documents sur la sculpture religieuse, Saint-Dizier, 1903; L. Taft, The Hist, of American Sculpture, New York, 1903; S. Trier, Thorvaldsen, Copenhagen, 1903; L. de Fourcaud, Francois Rude, Paris, 1904; C. Mauclair, Auguste Rodin, London, 1905; C. Meunier, Constantin Meunier et son ozuvre, Paris, 1905; F. Bond, Wood Carvings in English Churches, London, 1910.
SCULTETUS, scul-ti'tus (SCHULTETUS), ABRA- HAM: German Reformed; b. at Grtineberg (86 m. n.w. of Breslau) Aug. 24, 1566; d. at Emden (60 m. w.n.w. of Bremen) Oct. 24, 1624. Educated at the universities of Wittenberg (1588-90) and Heidelberg (1590-91), he was ordained in 1594 to the ministry of Schriesheim near Heidelberg, whence he was called, a few months later, to be court chaplain to the Elector Frederick IV In 1598 he became pastor of the Franciscan church at Heidelberg, ecclesiastical councilor and inspector of pastors and schools in 1600, succeeded Pitiscus as court preacher on his death in 1614, and in 1618 was made professor of theology at the university. Meanwhile he had been employed in various missions of importance. He was called in 1614 to the court of Brandenburg to counsel the Reformed convert, Elector John Sigismund, in arranging the ecclesiastical affairs of the province; in 1618 was one of the Palatine delegates to the Synod of Dort; in 1619 he accompanied the electoral envoys to Frankfort to choose the new emperor, and in 1620 followed his elector, who had been offered the Bohemian crown, to Prague, where he was involved in the fatal events after the battle of Weissenberg (Nov. 8, 1620). Scultetus fled from Prague to Heidelberg, but further residence there was impossible, and he sought refuge with his adherents successively in Bretten and in Schorndorf in Wurttemberg, and was called, in 1622, to be pastor at Emden, where he passed the remainder of his life.
One of the most distinguished Reformed theologians of his period, Scultetus was a prominent figure in the irenic proposals steadily refused by the Lutherans. His chief works were the Medulla theologies patrum syntagma (4 parts, Heidelberg, 1598- 1613), and the Annalium evangelii passim per Europam quinto decimo salutis partes seculo renovati decas prima et secunda ab anno 1516-86 (Heidelberg,
1618-20); to these may be added the posthumous Narratio apologetica (Emden, 1625).
(H. MALLETf.) Bibliography: The funeral sermon by F. Salmuth was published, Emden, 1625. Consult: E. Meiners, Oostvrieschlandts Kerkelijke Geschiedenisse, ii. 439 sqq., Groningen, 1739; P. Bayle, Dictionary, v. 100-104; ADB, xxxiii. 492 sqq.
SCYTHIANS. See Gog and Magog.
SDRALEK, shra'lek, MAXIMILIAN LUKAS:
German Roman Catholic; b. at Woschczytz (a village near Sohraul, 57 m. s.e. of Oppeln), Upper Silesia, Oct. 11, 1855. He was educated at the universities of Breslau and Freiburg (D.D., 1880), and in 1882 became privat-docent for church history and canon law at the former institution. In 1884 he was called to Miinster as professor of church history, but in 1896 returned to Breslau to accept his present position of professor of the same subject. He has also been resident canon of the Breslau Cathedral since 1900, and was rector of the university 1906- 1907. Besides editing the Kirchengeschichtliche Studien and the Kirchengeschichtliche Abhandlungen, he has written Hinkmars von Reims kanonistische Gutachten iiber die Ehescheidung des Konigs Lothar II. (Freiburg, 1881); Die Streitschriften Altmanns von Passau und Wezilos von Mainz (Paderborn, 1891); Wolfenbuttler Fragmente, Analekten zur Kirchengeschichte (Miinster, 1891); and Die Str assburger Diozesansynode (Freiburg, 1894).
SEABURY, SAMUEL: First bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church; b. at North Groton (now Ledyard), Conn., Nov. 30, 1729; d. at New London Feb. 25, 1796. He graduated at Yale College, 1748, and soon after began the study of medicine. In 1752, though he had already devoted himself to the clerical calling, he went to Edinburgh to complete his medical studies, and there became acquainted with a remnant of the ancient Church of Scotland. He was ordained deacon by the bishop of Lincoln, Dec. 21, 1753; and priest two days later at London; arrived at New Brunswick, N. J., as missionary, 1754; was rector at Jamaica, L. I., 1757- 1767; and at Westchester, N. Y., from 1767. Deriving his support as missionary from the Church of England, and being under the oath of allegiance, he remained stanchly loyal, which brought him into disfavor with the patriots. He made himself particularly obnoxious by a series of pamphlets signed A. W. Farme and entitled, Free Thoughts on the Proceedings of the Continental Congress (Nov. 16, 1774); The Congress Canvassed (Nov. 26); and A View of the Controversy between Great Britain and her Colonies (Dec. 24). He was seized by an armed band, removed to Connecticut, and held prisoner at New Haven, for six weeks. Upon being passed through the British lines he retired to New York, where he supported himself in part by the practise of medicine, served as chaplain of the king's American regiment, and maintained his loyalty till the end of the war. In 1783 he was elected bishop by the clergy of Connecticut, and proceeded to England for ordination. This was refused by the archbishop of Canterbury, because certain complications with the civil oath of allegiance had not yet
Seabury
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