THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Kirkcaldy (1874-87), and St. Matthew's, Glasgow (1887-1902), and since 1902 has been professor of church history in the United Free Church College, Aberdeen. He was Lyman Beecher lecturer on preaching at Yale in 1891, Cunningham lecturer in New College, Edinburgh, in 1899, and in 1901 was Gay lecturer in Louisville Baptist Seminary and also lectured at Richmond Presbyterian Seminary. In theology he " rests his faith on the threefold foundation of Scripture, tradition, and personal experience, with emphasis on the third." He has written The Life of Jesus Christ (Edinburgh, 1879); The Xew Song: Sermons for Children (1883); The Life of St. Paul (1S84); Imago Christi (London, 1889); The Preacher and his Models (1891); The Four Men (1892); The Trial and Death of Jesus (1894); The Two Saint Johns (1895); The Christology of Jesus (1899); The Seven Deadly Sins (1901); The Seven Cardinal Virtues (1902); John Knox, his Ideas and Ideals (1904); The Atonement (1908); The Ethic of Jesus according to the Synoptic Gospels (London, 1909).
STALL, SYLVANUS: Lutheran; b. at Elizaville, N. Y., Oct. 18, 1847. He was educated at Pennsylvania College, Gettysburg, Pa. (A.B., 1872), after which he studied theology there and at Union Theological Seminary for two years. He held pastorates in his denomination at Cobleskill, N. Y. (1874-77), Martin's Creek, Pa. (1877-80), Lancaster, Pa. (1880-88), and Baltimore, Md. (1888-1901). In 1901 he retired from the active ministry to become the head of his newly established Vir Publishing Company, Philadelphia. He edited Stall's Lutheran Year Book and Historical Quarterly (1884- 1888), while from 1890 to 1901 he was associate editor of The Lutheran Observer. He has prepared Pastor's Pocket Record (Albany, N. Y., 1875); Minister's Handbook to Lutheran Hymns in the Book of Worship (Philadelphia, 1879); How to pay Church Debts (New York, 1880) ; Methods of Church Work, Religious, Social, and Financial (1887); Five Minute Object Sermons (1894); Talks to the King's Children (1896); Bible Selections for Daily Devotion (1896) ; What a Young Boy ought to Know (Philadelphia, 1897); What a Young Man ought to Know (1897); What a Young Husband ought to Know (1899); What a Man of Forty-five ought to Know 1901); Faces toward the Light (1903); The Social Peril (1905); and Parental Honesty (1905).
STANCARI, stan-ca'ri (STANCARO), FRAN- CESCO: Unitarian; b. at Mantua, Italy, in 1501; d. at Stobnitz, Poland, Nov. 12, 1574. He entered a religious order, and evidently underwent a systematic training in theology, since his method, for instance, in his first theological work, De trinitate, is scholastic in type. Stancari appeared prominently first in 1543, when he lived in Chiavenna; at Basel, in 1546, he issued a Hebrew grammar. In course of the shifting life that was especially common with Italian fugitives, he was later found at Cracow, whence, after seizure as a heretic, he escaped to Konigsberg, there to teach in the high school. But becoming involved in strife with Osiander, only three months elapsed before he requested his dismission. Afterward, at Frankfort-on-the-
Oder, he continued the controversy in his Apologia contra Osiandrum, and the elector of Brandenburg intervened, while Melanchthon, in 1553, published a Responsio de controversiis Stancari (CR, xxiii. 87). He then went to Poland, Hungary, and Transylvania, but returned to Pinczow in 1558. He there associated with such men as Lismanini and Blandrata (q.v.) ; and contended for the proposition that Christ is a mediator with God only in his human nature. The dispute reached beyond the borders of Poland; Calvin answered in a " Response " of the Genevan Church (Tractatus theologici, p. 682); while in a further message (Epistolw et responsa, p. 290) Zurichers made answer, also through Josias Simler's Responsio ad maledicum Fr. Stancari libellum (1563). Both new and old material on the subject has been compiled by Wotschke in letters and other documents, in Briefwechsel der Schweizer mit den Polen (Archiv fur Reformations-Geschichte, Erganzungsband hi., 1908). In several of these documents, Lismanini protests against the theology of Stancari, which was combated in Poland as being Nestorian. Yet it had significance in the history of dogma, as in opposing it the attempts of the Lutheran theologians to carry the point of their Communicatio idiomatum (q.v.) gained special consequence. Wigand (De Stancarismo, 1585) and Schlusselburg (Catalogus hwreticorum) were opponents of Stancari. K. Beneath.
Bibliography: Sources are: The letters of Calvin, in his Opera in CR; S. Orzechowski, Roxolani Chimoera: sive de Stancari funesta regno Polonice secta, Cologne, 1563; Orichoviana, ed. J. Korzeniowski, pp. 722 sqq., Cracow, 1891 (contains six letters by Stancari) . Consult further: Bayle, Dictionary, v. 226-233 (quotes extensively from sources); S. Lubienski, Historia reformationis Polonicce, Freistadt, 1685; C. Hartknoch, Preussische Kirchen- Historia, i. 330 sqq., Frankfort, 1686; G. J. Planck, Geschichte . unseres protestantischen Lehrbegriffs, iv. 449 sqq., 6 vols., Leipsic, 1781-1800; H. Dalton, Johannes a Lasco, Gotha, 1881; and Wotschke, in Altpreussische Monatsschrijt, 1909.
STANDING FISHES BIBLE. See Bible Versions, B, IV., § 9.
STANFORD, CHARLES: English Baptist; b. at Northampton (45 m. w. of Cambridge), England, Mar. 9, 1823; d. in London Mar. 18, 1886. He commenced preaching, 1839; entered the Baptist College at Bristol, 1841; became minister at Loughborough, 1845; Deniges, 1847; co-pastor in London of the Denmark-place Church, Camberwell, 1858, and was sole pastor from 1861 till his death. He was the author of Central Truths (London, 1860); Joseph Alleine: his Companions and Times; a Memorial of " Black Bartholomew," 1662 (1861); Instrumental Strength; Thoughts for Students and Pastors (1862); Home and Church (1871); Homilies on Christian Work (1879); Voices from Calvary; a Course of Homilies (1881); From Calvary to Olivet. Being a Sequel to " Voices from Calvary" (1884); The Alternatives of Faith and Unbelief (1885); The Evening of Our Lord's Ministry, being Preludes to " Voices from Calvary." A Course of Homilies (1886); together with a collection of sermons, and many smaller works.
Bibliography : Charles Stanford, Memories and Letters, ed. his wife, London, 1889; Baptist Handbook, 1887, pp. 120- 122; DNB, liii, 478-479,