RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Stewart Stichometry
In 1873 he had the satisfaction of starting at Blythswood, named after Captain Blyth, magistrate of the Fingoes, a second Lovedale. In 1874 he made a tour in Scotland in the interest of both institutions, and also proposed the African mission now known as Livingstonia. In 1899 he was moderator of the general assembly of the Free Church of Scotland. In 1902 he delivered the Duff missionary lectures at Edinburgh. His life was too crowded with practical matters to allow him leisure for authorship of a general nature, but he produced these volumes which were in the line of his work: Lovedale, Past and Present (Edinburgh, 1884); Lovedale Illustrated (1894); Livingstonia, its Origin (1894); Kafir Phrase Book and Vocabulary (Lovedale, 1898); Dawn in the Dark Continent, Africa and its Missions (the Duff lectures; Edinburgh, 1903).
Bibliography: J. Wells, The Life of James Stewart, London, 1908.
STEWART, ROBERT LAIRD: Presbyterian; b. at Murrysville, Pa., Aug. 11, 1840. He was graduated from Washington and Jefferson College (B.A., 1866; M.A., 1867) and from the Western Theological Seminary (1869) ; was pastor at Conneautville, Pa., 1869-73, and at Golden, Col., 1873-79; was also superintendent of schools, Jefferson County, Col., 1874-79; pastor of the Mahoning Church, Danville, Pa., 1880-90; and after 1890 professor of pastoral theology, Biblical archeology, and Christian evidences in the theological department of Lincoln University, and also dean of the faculty. He has written The Place and Value of Pastoral Theology in the Curriculum of Theological Study (1894); The Land of Israel (1899); Memorable Places among the Holy Hills (1903) ; and Sheldon Jackson, Pathfinder and Prospector of the Missionary Vanguard in the Rocky Mountains and Alaska (1908).
STEWART, WILLIAM: Church of Scotland; b. at Annan (14 m. s.e. of Dumfries), Dumfriesshire, Aug. 15, 1835. He was educated at the University of Glasgow (B.A., 1861; B.D., 1867), where he was examiner in mental philosophy (1867-70). He was minister of St. George's-in-the-Fields, Glasgow (1868-75) ; since 1873 has been professor of divinity and Biblical criticism in the university of the same city, and dean of the faculty of theology since 1895. He has written The Plan of St. Luke's Gospel (Glasgow, 1873).
STICHARION.
Ecclesiastical.
See Vestments and Insignia,
STICHOMETRY.
I. In General.
Use of the Term (§ 1).
" Stichos " Equivalent to " Hexameter Line " (§ 2). This STeasurement Confirmed (§ 3). Partial Stichometry (§ 4). Cola and Commata (§ 5). II. New- Testament Stichometry. Euthalius (§ 1). Euthalius Tested (§ 2). I. In General; The data of stichometry consist chiefly of subscriptions at the close of manuscripts, expressing the number of lines which are contained in the book that has been copied; of marginal annotations from point to point, expressing the extent
of the previous text; or of quotations and allusions which are found in various writers, which indicate either the locality of some passage in i. Use of a quoted work, or the compass of the the Term, whole or part of the works of a given author. For example, at the close of Isocrates, Busiris, in Codex Urbinas, there is, in the archaic character, the number 390; while on the margin of the same work, in the more recent character, there is on fol. 22 v, 10 (§ 25), before tovtuv alTiot, the number 2 (B) ; and on 25v, 12 (§39), before yeyovdra^ f) tov$, the number 3 (r); and these numbers represent the second and third hundreds of lines measured on some exemplar, either actual or ideal; Diogenes Laertius quotes a passage from Chrysippus, Kara rovg xl^ov<: orixove; and Galen estimates the extent of a certain portion of the works of Hippocrates at 240 verses; tovtov tov fliftXlov to uev Kara to iv ypa/ifia fxtpog to nparov elc aa' otcxovc; i^rjKEL (Galen, In Hippokratem de natura hominis, xv., p. 9). Full collections of such data may be found in F. W. Ritschl, Opuscula philologica, i. 74 sqq., Leipsic, 1866; and in T. Birt, Das antike Buchwesen, chap, iv., Berlin, 1882. Everything in these data suggests that the numeration has reference to standard lines or copies; and since the actual number of lines in the manuscripts never tallies with the stichometric record, and we are unable to point to any copies which do furnish an agreement, it is evident that there is somewhere a common unit of measurement upon which these subscriptions and quotations are based: in other words, the stichos must have an element of fixity in it, even if it be not absolutely fixed. It is important, therefore, to determine in what direction the meaning of stichos deflects from its normal indefinite sense of " line," " row," and " verse."
The term stichos is of itself extremely vague. It may be nothing more than row or line; as when the Septuagint uses it for the rows of stones in the high priest's breastplate; or, in a mili- 2. " Stich- tary sense, it may represent the numos " Equiv- ber of men in a rank or file of soldiers, alent to especially the latter; and so in other " Hex- cases. But in literature it is easy to ameter demonstrate that the stichos is de- Line." fleeted in meaning in the direction of a hexameter line. In the first place, such a unit is convenient for the comparison of prose- works with poetry; in the next place, actual instances of prose-passages are reduced to their equivalent verse-lengths; in the third place, the term is used of hexameter poetry, in distinction from any other; and, finally, any given work may be divided into hexameter rhythms and results compared with the transmitted numerical data. If these points be taken in order, it may be said that the prose-unit is more likely to be taken from poetry than that the unit of measurement for poetry is likely to be adopted from prose; for the line of poetry is already measured in a sensibly constant unit, and no reason exists for a change of that unit. The only question that would arise here is whether there may not be expected a variety of units of measurement; as, for instance, an iambic unit in distinction from a hexameter unit. It is sufficient to observe at this
Stichometry