STEUDEL, JOHANN CHRISTIAN FRIEDRICH:
German theologian; b. at Esslingen (8 m. s.e. of Stuttgart) Oct. 25, 1779; d. at Tubingen Oct. 24, 1837. He was educated at Tubingen, 1797-1804; was vicar at Oberesslingen 1802-06; tutor at Tubingen, 1806-08; studied Arabic and Persian at Paris, 1808-10; was deacon at Canstatt, 1810- 1812; after 1812 subdeacon and deacon at Tubingen and professor of theology, 1815-37. In 1822 he became morning preacher at the principal church of the city and after 1826 senior of the faculty and assessor of the seminary inspection. His lectures at first were on the Old Testament, including later oriental languages, and after 1826 dogma and apologetics. He founded in 1828 the Zeitschriftfiir Theologie. A rational supernaturalist, Steudel is usually
Steudel Stewart
THE N"EW SCHAFF-HERZOG
regarded as the last representative of the older Tubingen School (q.v.). With his writings he opposed Roman Catholic union in 1811-16, and the union of the two Protestant churches in 1 822. He wrote Ueber 'He Haltbarkeit des Glaubens angeschichtliche Offenbarung Gottes (Stuttgart, 1814); Glaubenslehre (Tubingen, 1834); and Theologie des Alien Testaments (Berlin, 1840). He entered into a sharp controversy with D. F. Strauss upon the appearance of the latter's Leben Jesu.
(G. F. OEHLERf.) Bibliography : The memorial address'by Domer and the sketch of the life by Dettinger are in Tiibinger Zeitschrift fur Theologie, 1838, part 1. Consult further M. A. Landerer, Neueste Dogmengeschichte, pp. 170 sqq., Heilbronn, 1SS1.
STEUERNAGEL, stei'er-na"gel, KARL: German Protestant; b. at Hardegsen (10 m. n.n.w. of Gottingen) Feb. 17, 1869. He was educated at the University of Halle (1887-91) and at the theological seminary at Wittenberg, and became privat-docent for Old-Testament exegesis at Halle in 1895, and extraordinary professor in 1907. Besides editing the Zeitschrift des deutschen Palastina-Vereins since 1903, he has prepared the volumes on Deuteronomy 0S9S) and Joshua (1899) for W. Nowack's Handkommentar turn Alten Testament, to which he has also contributed Allgemeine Einleitung in das Hexateuch (1900), and has written Der Rahmen des Deuteronomiums (Halle, 1894); Die Entstehung des deuteronomischen Gesetzes (1896); Die Einwanderung der israelitischen Stdmme in Kanaan (Berlin, 1901); Hebrdische Grammatik (1903; 3d ed., 1909); and Methodische Einleitung zum hebraischen Sprachunterricht (1905).
STEVENS, ABEL: Historian of Methodism; b. in Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 19, 1815; d. in San Jose, Cal., Sept. 12, 1897. He was educated at Wesleyan Academy, Wilbraham, Mass., and at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.; he completed a course of study at the latter institution in 1834; joined the New England Conference in 1834; was appointed to churches in Boston, Mass., and Providence, R. I.; became editor of Zion's Herald, Boston, 1S40; The National Magazine, New York, 1852; The Christian Advocate, New York, 1856; was joint editor, with Drs. McClintock and Crooks, of The Methodist, 1860-74; and pastor of churches in New York City and Mamaroneck, N. Y. On retiring from editorial life, he traveled extensively in the United States and then in Europe, where he settled finally at Geneva, Switzerland, taking charge of the American Union Church there, and became correspondent of American journals. In a series of works that remain the standard authority he reduced the history of Methodism to a connected narrative. He was the author of Sketclies and Incidents (New York, 1843); Memorials of the Introduction of Methodism into the Eastern States (2 vols., 1848- 1 852) ; Essay on Church Polity ' 1 847) ; Essay on the Preaching Required by the Times (1855); Essay on The Great Reform in Systematic Beneficence (1856); The History of the Religious Movement of the Eighteenth Century, Called Methodism (3 vols., 1858-61); Life and Times of Nathan Bangs (1863); History of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States
(4 vols., 1S64-67); The Centenary of American Methodism (1865); Women of Methodism: its three Foundresses, S. Wesley, the Countess of Huntingdon, and B. Heck; with Sketches of their female Associates (1866); Madame de Stael: Study of her Life and Times (2 vols., 1881); Character Sketches (1882); Christian Work and Consolation; the Problem of an effective and happy Life (1882).
STEVENS, GEORGE BARKER : Congregationalist; b. at Spencer, N. Y., July 13, 1854; d. at New Haven, Conn., June 22, 1906. He was graduated from the University of Rochester, N. Y., 1877, and from Yale Divinity School, New Haven, Conn., 1880; became pastor of the First Congregational Church, Buffalo, N. Y., 1880; and of the First Presbyterian Church, Watertown, N. Y., 1S83; studied in Germany, 18S5-86; and was professor of New-Testament criticism and interpretation, Yale Divinity School, New Haven, Conn., 1886-95. He published Pauline Theology; a Study of the Origin and Correlation of the doctrinal Teachings of the Apostle Paul (New York, 1892); Johannine Theology: Study of the Doctrinal Contents of the Gospel and Epistles of the Apostle John (1894) ; Doctrine and Life: Study of some of the principal Truths of the Christian Religion in their Relation to Christian Experience (1895); Theology of the New Testament (1899); Messages of Paul (1900); Messages of the Apostles (1900); Teaching of Jesus (1901); and Christian Doctrine of Salvation (1905). He edited Chrysostom's " Homilies on Acts and Romans " in NPNF (1 ser., vol. xi., New York, 1889); and A Short Exposition of the Epistle to the Galatians (Hartford, Conn., 1890).
Bibliography : W. Walker, George Barker Stevens: an Address, New Haven, 1906.
STEVENS, PETER FAYSSOUX: Reformed Episcopal bishop; b. near Tallahassee, Fla., June 22, 1830; d. at Charleston, S. O, Jan. 9, 1910. He was graduated from the South Carolina Military Academy, Charleston, S. O, in 1849, and was connected with this institution as professor of mathematics 1853-57 and of belles lettres 1857-59, and as superintendent 1859-61. After serving in the Confederate Army throughout the Civil War, he was ordained priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church, but in 1875 became connected with the Reformed Episcopalians, and four years later was appointed bishop of the special jurisdiction of the South, having special oversight of the colored churches of that region. Tn 1890-96 he was also professor of mathematics in Claflin University.
STEVENS, WILLIAM ARNOLD: Baptist; b. at Granville, O., Feb. 5, 1839; d. at Rochester, N. Y., Jan. 2, 1910. He was educated at Denison University, Granville (A.B., 1862), Rochester Theological Seminary (1865), and the universities of Harvard, Leipsic, and Berlin (1865-68). He was professor of Greek at Denison University (1868-77), and after 1877 was professor of New-Testament exegesis at Rochester Theological Seminary. He edited Select Orations of Lysias (Chicago, 1876); and wrote Commentary on the Epistles to the Thessalonians Philadelphia, 1887) ; Outline Handbook of the Life of