THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
of 1849, the Harmony not included. An octavo edition (1850) followed without commentary, with five changed readings, and with variations from the textus receptus. The Triglottum Greece Latine Germanice (1854) deviates, in the Greek text, from the edition of 1849 more frequently than that of 1850, especially in Matthew (sixteen times). Under the texts are variants of the textus receptus as well as noteworthy readings of other editors. The text of the Vulgate is critically revised according to the best manuscripts, in particular, Codex Amiatinus and Codex Fuldensis, the variations in the editio Clementina and in the above codices being given under the text. Special care is given to the edition of Luther's translation; the edition of 1545 is followed but earlier editions are also considered. A Synopsis evangelica (harmony) appeared (1851). Soon after completing the edition of 1849, Tischendorf undertook a version of the Septuagint, and the apocryphal New Testament. He went in the autumn of 1849 to Paris, London, and Oxford, and besides comparing anew the Codex Claramontanus, and making a transcript of the papyrus fragments of the Psalms in^London, he devoted himself in particular to a comparison of the manuscripts of the Xew-Testament Apocrypha. He did not venture to give his own recension of the text of the Septuagint; but contented himself with appending to a much improved reprint of the text of the Sixtine the variants of the Codex Alexandrinus, the Codex Ephraemi, and the Codex Friderico-Augustanus (1850). The prolegomena contained valuable studies on the history of the text of the Septuagint. While waiting on the king of Saxony for the means to make a three-years' journey for the discovery and study of sources for the Septuagint, he published the De evangelicorum apocryphorum origine et usu, a prize essay for " The Hague Society for the Defence of the Christian Religion," published in Verhandelingen, part xii. (Leyden, 1851); Acta apostolorum apocrypha (Leipsic, 1851); and Evangelia apocrypha (1853). Tischendorf undertook a second oriental journey in Jan., 1853. He at once visited the Convent of St. Catherine on Sinai, but could not find the manuscript seen in 1844, and concluded that it had been taken to Europe, probably England. He found only a scrap of the codex, containing a few verses of Gen. xxiii. as a book-mark in a codex of a history of the saints. He brought back with him sixteen palimpsests, some of considerable extent, several Greek uncial manuscripts, and a series of papyrus fragments in various languages, all of which were noted in the Anecdota and most of them deposited later at St. Petersburg and published in Monumenta, nova collectio. In the introduction to vol. i., he announces the lost manuscript and claims, if found, the credit of its recovery. The vacations of 1854-57 were spent in researches in European libraries. A new edition of the Greek New Testament was under way. His aim was not only to construct consistently his critical apparatus which was more nearly perfected since 1849, but also a new critical elaboration of the Greek New Testament, the editio septima major (1859), accompanied by a septima minor. This recension deviates least from the textus receptus.
In Jan., 1859, Tischendorf entered upon his third oriental journey, under the auspices of the Russian government. After a fruitless search of the library of the Convent at Sinai he was about Codex to depart, when, on the evening of Sinaiticus; Feb. 4, the young econome produced Editio from a corner of his cell, wrapped in a Octava red cloth, not only the eighty-six leaves Major. but 112 in addition on the Old Testament, besides a complete New Testament, the Epistle of Barnabas, and fragments of Hermas. The Codex Sinaiticus, first loaned to make a copy at Cairo, then for publication, was finally (1869) presented by the monks to Czar Alexander II. Returning in 1859 to St. Petersburg with the Codex and a large number of other manuscripts, among which were twelve palimpsests, twenty Greek uncials, eight minuscules, and many oriental manuscripts, Tischendorf devoted himself for the next two and a half years to the preparations for the publication of the codex. He published Notitia editionis codicis bibliorum Sinaitici (Leipsic, 1860); and Aus dem heiligen Lande (1862), an account of his latest journey. The Bibliorum codex Sinaiticus Petropolitanus (4 vols., Leipsic, 1862), with prolegomena, commentary, and facsimile plates, now appeared; and the first edition was presented to the czar. The Novum Testamentum Sinaiticum cum epistula Barnaboz et fragmentis Pastoris (1863), with prolegomena and commentary, was also produced, as well as a Novum Testamentum Grace. Ex Sinaitico codice (1865), with later corrections and variations of the Codex Vaticanas and the textus receptus. The complete recension of the Greek New Testament based on the Codex Sinaiticus is the famous editio octava major (2 vols., 1864-72). On a journey to Rome, in 1866, he was permitted, by the grace of Pope Pius IX., to compare for fortytwo hours the Codex Vaticanus with Mai's edition; but he was enabled to issue a new Novum Testamentum Vaticanum (1867). Meanwhile he published Apocalypses apocrypha (1866); Philonce inedita altera (1868); and The New Testament (1869), the authorized English version with the variants from the Codex Sinaiticus, the Codex Vaticanus, and the Codex Alexandrinus. The last three years of Tischendorf's activity, 1870-72, were devoted mainly to further work on the octava. Vol. ix. of the Monumenta (1870) contained the important Codex Laudianus of the Acts. A fourth edition of the Synopsis (1871) followed the text of the Sinaiticus; and a special reprint of the Epistles of Clement, based on the first edition in the Appendix (lSfiT), was issued (1873). The prolegomena of the octava, which he expected but was unable to prepare as vol. i., were elaborated by Caspar Rene Gregory, Prolegomena (3 vols., 1884-94). S. P. Tregelles (q.v.; Bible Text, II., 2, § 7) had the use of the text of Codex Sinaiticus in the preparation of that part of the New Testament following the Gospels, and Ezra Abbot is of the opinion that "Tischendorf must have derived great advantage from the publication of the successive parts of Tregelles elaborate edition." The opponents of his critical work have censured Tischendorf for departing so copiously from the septima. F H. A. Scrivener