A Brighter Day Begins with His Word.

New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge • VOLUME 12

EDITORS

Samuel Macauley Jackson • Public-domain historical edition in the United States (published 1912); OCR from Internet Archive scan

EDITORS

SAMUEL MACAULEY JACKSON, D.D., LL.D. (EprToR-IN-CHIEF. ) Professor of Church History, New York University.

GEORGE WILLIAM GILMORE, M.A. (AssociaTE Eprror.)

New York,

Formerly Professor of Biblical History and Lecturer on Comparative Religion, Bangor Theological Seminary.

DEPARTMENT EDITORS,

CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH, D.D., (Department of Systematic Theology.) Professor of Systematic Theology, Chicago Theological Seminary.

HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D., (Department of Minor Denominations.)

Secretary of Executive Committee of the Western Section for the Fourth Ecumenical Methodist Conference. JAMES FRANCIS DRISCOLL, D.D.,

(Department of Liturgics and Religious Orders.) Rector of St. Gabriel’s, New Rochelle, N. Y.

VOLUME XII

JAMES FREDERICK McCURDY, Ph.D., LIDS (Department of the Old Testament.)

Professor of Oriental Languages, University College, Toronto.

HENRY SYLVESTER NASH, D.D.,

(Department of the New Testament.) Professor of the Literature and Interpretation of the New Testament, Episcopal Theological School, Cambridge, Mass.

ALBERT HENRY NEWMAN, D.D., UL.D.,

(Department of Church History.) Professor of Church History, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, Fort Worth, Tex.

FRANK HORACE VIZETELLY, LL.D., F.S.A., (Department of Pronunciation and Typography.) Managing Editor of the Sranparp DicrionaRy, etc.,

New York City.

CONTRIBUTORS AND COLLABORATORS, VOLUME XIT

WILLIAM HENRY ALLISON, Ph.D.,

Dean of the Faculty and Professor of een Higtory, Theological Seminary, Colgate University, Hamilton, N. Y

HANS ANSTEIN,

Secretary of the Evangelical Missionary Society, Basel.

CARL FRANKLIN ARNOLD, Ph.D.,

Professor of Church History, University of Breslau.

CLARENCE AUGUSTINE BECKWITH,

D., Professor of Systematic Theology, Chicago Theological Seminary.

GEORG BEER, Ph.D., Th.Lic.,

Professor of Old-Testament Exegesis, University of eidelberg.

JOHANNES BELSHEIM (7), Late Pastor in Christiania.

KARL BENRATH, Ph.D., Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of Kénigsberg. IMMANUEL GUSTAV ADOLF BENZINGER, Ph.D., Th.Lic.,

German Orientalist and Vice-Consul for Holland in Jerusalem.

DANIEL BERGER, D.D.,

Clergyman of the United Brethren in Christ; Dayton, O., formerly Editor in the United Brethren Publishing House.

CARL BERTHEAU (+), Th.D., Late Pastor of St. Michael’s, Hamburg. WILLIBALD BEYSCHLAG (+), Th.D., Late Professor of Theology, University of Halle.

RUDOLPH MICHAEL BINDER, Ph.D.,

Lecturer in Sociology, New York University.

FREDERICK MEYER BIRD (}),

Late Fag ore of Psychology, Christian Ethics, and Rhetoric, Lehigh University, South Bethlehem, Pa.

EDWIN MUNSELL BLISS, D.D., Author of Books on Missions, Washington, D. C. THEODORA CROSBY BLISS, Writer on Missions, Washington, D. C. SARA D. BLUXOME,

Former General Secretary, Daughters of the King.

HEINRICH BOEHMER, Ph.D., Th.Lic.,

Professor of Church History, University of Bonn.

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AMY GASTON CHARLES AUGUSTE BONET-MAURY, D.D., LL.D.,

Professor of Church History, Independent School of Divinity, Paris.

GOTTLIEB NATHANAEL BONWETSCH, Ds Professor of Church History, University of Géttingen. GUSTAV BOSSERT, Ph.D., Th.D., Retired Pastor, Stuttgart. ; CHARLES AUGUSTUS BRIGGS, D.D., Litt.D

Professor of Theological Be alotedis and Symbolies, Union Theological Seminary, New York.

FRANTS PEDER WILLIAM BUHL, Ph.D., *9 Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Copenhagen. KARL RITTER VON BURGER (}), Th.D., Late Supreme Consistorial Councilor, Munich. CARL CAMENISCH, Ph.D., Professor at the Oberrealschule, Basel. HENRY KING CARROLL, LL.D.,

Secretary of the Executive Committee of the Weatern Section for the Fourth Ecumenical Methodist Conference.

JACQUES EUGENE CHOISY, Th.D., Professor of Church History, University of Geneva. PAUL CHRIST (+), Th.D.,

Late Professor of Systematic and Practical Theology, University of Zurich.

FRANCIS ALBERT CHRISTIE, D.D.,

Professor of Church History, Meadville Theological School, Meadville, Pa.

FRANCIS EDWARD CLARK, D.D., LL.D.,

Founder of the United Society of Christian Endeavor, Boston.

JOSEPH BOURNE CLARK, D.D.,

Editorial Secretary of the Congregational Home Missionary Society, New York.

OTTO CONSTANTIN CLEMEN, Ph.D., Th.Lic.,

Gymnasial Professor at Zwickau. ALBERTO CLOT, D.D.,

Professor of French?Literature in the State University of Palermo, Italy.

FERDINAND EDUARD THEODOR COHRS, Th.D.,

Consistorial Councilor, Ilfeld, Germany.

ALEXIS IRENEE DU PONT COLEMAN, M.A.

Instructor in English, College of the City of New York.

HENRY COWAN, D.D., D.C.L.,

Professor of Church History, University of Aberdeen, Scotland.

EUGENE RICHARD COX,

Member of Christian Science Committee on Publication.

THOMAS WITTON DAVIES, Ph.D., D.D.,

Professor of Semitic Languages, University College of North ales, Bangor.

SAMUEL MARTIN DEUTSCH (f+), Th.D., Late Professor of Church History, University of Berlin.

LUDWIG DIESTEL (}), Ph.D., Late Professor of Theology, University of Tiibingen.

PAUL GOTTFRIED DREWS, Th.D., Professor of Practical Theology, University of Halle.

Historical source record →