3 RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
the doctrines of purgatory, the invocation of saints, and the worship of relics are reaffirmed, as also the efficacy of indulgences as dispensed by the Church according to the power given her, but with some cautionary recommendations. The council appointed, 1562 (eighteenth session), a commission to prepare a list of forbidden books (Undex librorum prohibitorum), but it later left the matter to the action of the pope. The preparation of a catechism and revised editions of the Breviary and Missal were also left to the pope.
On adjourning, the synod begged the supreme pontiff to ratify all its decrees and definitions. This petition was complied with by Pius IV., Jan. 26, 1564, in a bull which enjoins strict obedience upon all Roman Catholics, and forbids, under pain of excommunication, all unauthorized interpretation, reserving this to the pope alone, and threatening the disobedient with ‘ the indignation of Almighty God and of his blessed apostles, Peter and Paul.” Pius appointed a commission of cardinals to assist him in interpreting and enforcing the decrees. The Index librorum prohibitorum was announced 1564, and the following books were issued with the papal imprimatur: the Profession of the Tridentine Faith and the Tridentine Catechism (1566), the Breviary (1568), the Missal (1570), and the Vulgate (1590, and then 1592). The decrees of the council were acknowledged in Italy, Portugal, Poland, and by the Roman Catholic princes of Germany at the diet of 1566. Philip II. accepted them for Spain, Netherland, and Sicily so far as they did not infringe on the royal prerogative. In France they were officially recognized by the king only in their doctrinal parts. The disciplinary sections received official recognition at provincial synods and were enforced by the bishops. No attempt was made to introduce it into England. Pius IV. sent the decrees to Mary, queen of Scots, with a letter dated June 13, 1564, requesting her to publish them in Scotland; but she dared not do it in the face of John Knox and the Reformation.
The canons and decrees of the council have been published very often and in many languages (for a large list consult British Museum Catalogue, under
“Trent, Council of ’’). The first issue
4. Publica- was by P. Manutius (Rome, 1564). tion of | The best Latin editions are by J. Le Documents. Plat (Antwerp, 1779), and by F. Schulte and A. L. Richter (Leipsic,
1853). Other good editions are in vol. vii. of the Acta et decreta conciliorum recentiorum. Collectio Lacensis (7 vols., Freiburg, 1870-90), reissued as an independent volume (1892); Conciliwm Tridentinum: Diariorum, actorum, epistularum, .. . collectio, ed. S. Merkle (4 vols., Freiburg, 1901 sqq.; only vols. iiv. have as yet appeared); not to overlook Mansi, Concilia, xxxv. 345 sqq. Note also Mirbt, Quellen, 2d ed, pp. 202-255. The best English edition is by J. Waterworth (London, 1848; With Essays on the External and Internal History of the Council). The original acts and debates of the council, as prepared by its general secretary, Bishop Angelo Massarelli, in six large folio volumes, are deposited in the Vatican library, and remained there unpublished for more than 300 years, and
Trent, Council of
were brought to light, though only in part, by Augustin Theiner, priest of the oratory (d. 1874), in Acta genuina sancti et ecumenict Concilii Tridentint nunc primum integre edita (2 vols., Leipsic, 1874). Most of the official documents and private reports, however, which bear upon the council, were made known in the sixteenth century and since. The most complete collection of them is that of J. Le Plat, Monumentorum ad historiam Concilia Tridentini collectio (7 vols., Louvain, 1781-87). New materials were brought to light by J. Mendham, Memoirs of the Council of Trent (London, 1834-36), from the manuscript history of Cardinal Paleotto; more recently by T. Sickel, Actenstticke aus Osterreichischen Archiven (Vienna, 1872); by J. J. I. von Déllinger (Ungedruckte Berichte und Tagebticher zur Geschichte des Concilii von Trient (2 parts, Nordlingen, 1876); and A. von Druffel, Monumenta Tridentina (Munich, 1884-97). See also TRIpEN- TINE PROFESSION oF FAITH. (P. ScHarrf.) D.S. Scuarr.
BiprioGcRAPHY: Fundamental for the history of the council are the accounts by two Roman Catholics of very different spirit: (1) that of the liberal Fra Paolo [Pietro] Sdrpi of Venice, Istoria del Concilio Tridentino, London, 1619, often republished, e.g., 4 vols., Florence, 1858, best ed. by P. F. Le Courayer, 3 vols., Amsterdam, 1751, in French, 2 vols., London, 1736, Eng. transl. of the original by Sir N. Brent, London, 1619, and another, 1676, Germ. working over of the matter by D. J. T. L. Danz, Jena, 1846; (2) that of Cardinal Sforza Pallavicino, Istoria del Concilto di Trento, 2 vols., Rome, 1656-57, issued also Rome, 1665, Milan, 1717, Lat. transl. by J. B. Giattino, 3 parts, Antwerp, 1670, Fr. transl., 3 vols., Montrouge, 1844-45 (for criticism of these cf. Ranke, Popes, iii. 46-79; and J. N. Brischar, Beurtheilung der Controversen Sarpi’s und Pallavicini’s in der Geschichte des Trienter Concils, Tiibingen, 1844). Further accounts or discussions are: C. A. Salig, Hist. des tridentinischen Conciliums, 3 vols., Halle, 1741-45 (Protestant); I. H. Wessenberg, Die grossen Kirchenversammlung des 15. und 16. Jahrhunderten, Constance, 1840 (Roman Catholic); L. F. Bungener, Hist. du concile de Trente, 2 vols., Paris, 1847, Eng. transl., 2d ed., Edinburgh, 1853, New York, 1855 (Protestant); T. A. Buckley, Hist. of the Council of Trent, London, 1852; idem, The Canons and Decrees of the Counctl of Trent, with a Supplement, containing the Condemnation of the Early Reformers, and other Matters, ib. 1851 (Protestant); W. C. Brownlee, Doctrinal Decrees and Canons of the Council of Trent, with Preface and Notes, New York, 1857 (Roman Catholic); E. B. Pusey, EHirenicon, Oxford, 1865 (Protestant); W. Arthur, The Pope, the Kings, and the People, 2 vols., London, 1877 (one of the best); J. C. L. Gieseler, Text-Book of Church History, ed. H. B. Smith, v. 21-58, New York, 1880 (excellent sketch); C. Dejob, De l’influence du concile de Trente sur la littérature et les beaux-arts, Paris, 1884; D. Lainez, Disputationes Tridentine, 2 vols., Innsbruck, 1886 (Roman Catholic); T. R. Evans, Council of Trent, London, 1888 (Protestant polemic); R. F. Littledale, Hzsé. of the Council of Trent, London, 1888 (Protestant); J. A. Froude, Lectures on the Council of Trent, London, 1896 (posthumous; Protestant, brilliant but partisan, and as issued in unrevised shape unreliable); G. Wolf, Deutsche Geschichte im Zeitalter der Gegenreformation, Berlin, 1899; A. R. Pennington, Counter-Reformation in Europe, London, 1901; J. G. Mayer, Das Konzil von Trent und die Gegenreformation in der Schweiz, 2 vols., Stans, 1900-01; J. Susta, Die rémische Curie und das Concil von Trient, Vienna, 1904; Cambridge Modern History, vol. iii. passim, New York, 1905; R. Mumm, Die Polemik des Martin Chemnitz gegen das Konzil von Trient, Leipsic, 1905; J. Hergenréther, Handbuch der allgemeinen Kirchengeschichte, ed. J. P. Kirsch, Freiburg, 1909 (Roman Catholic); J. Hesner, Die Entstehungsgeschichte des Trventer Rechtfertigungsdekretes, Paderborn, 1909; L. Carcereri, Il Concilio di Trento, Bologna, 1910; Die rémische Kurte und das Konzil von Trient unter Pius IV., Vienna, 1911;
Trespass Offering ; Tribal and Cultic Mysteries