THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG 254
a
under the Société des missions de Paris are preaching the Gospel in Basutoland and Barotseland, along the Zambesi River (South Africa), and there is one Waldensian missionary in China. Many pastors from the Waldensian valleys work in Switzerland and France, and there are now no less than 300 Christian workers in Italy, France, South Africa, South America, and North America who have been brought up in this church. See AMERICAN WALDENstan Arp Society, in Appendix. ALBERTO CLoT.
BrsuiocRapay: Lists of literature are: A. Muston, Bibliographie historique et documentaire de I’ Israel des Alpes, Paris, 1851 (valuable though incomplete); J. H. Todd, The Books of the Vaudois Preserved in Trinity College, Dublin, London, 1865; W. N. Du Rieu, in Bulletin de la commission de l’hist. des églises Wallonnes, iv. 2, The Hague, 1889; Bulletin de la société d’hist. vaudoise, xv. 160 sqq. (by J. Jalla), xvi. 48 sqq. (by W. Meille); and Hauck-Herzog, RE, xx. 799-806 (valuable, with running comment; an excellent list of fragmentary sources is given).
Among sources for various periods may be named: the “Anonymous of Passau,’”’ partly given in P. Despont, Bibliotheca patrum maxima Lugdunensis, xxv. 262-277, Leyden, 1677 (other documents also are in xxiv.), and in Preger’s Beitriige zur Geschichte der Waldesier im Mittelalter, Munich, 1875; David of Augsburg, T’ractatus de inquisitione hereticorum, ed. Preger, Munich, 1878; Bernard, in MPL, eciv. 793-840; Alanus ab Insulis, in MPL, ecx. 377-399; Stephan of Borbone (d. c. 1261), Tractatus de diversis materiis predicabilibus, ed. A. Lecoy de la Marche in Anecdotis historiques, légendes et apologues, Paris, 1877; C. Seyssel, Adversus errores Waldensium, Paris, 1520 (Roman Catholic); T. Beza, Hist. eccl. des églises reformées au royaume de France, Geneva, 1580, new ed. by J. W. Baum and A. E. Cunitz, 3 vols., Paris, 1883-89, also by P. Vesson, 2 vols., Toulouse, 1882-83; G. Miolo, Hist. breve e vera degl’ affari dei Valdesi delle Valli, 1587, reproduced in Bulletin de la société d’hist. vaudoise, xvii. 26 sqq.; S. Lentolo, Hist. della grandi e crudeli persecutione fatte ai tempe nostri in Provenza, Calabria e Piemonte (written 1595), ed. T. Gay, Torre, 1906; J. P. Perrin, Hist. des Albigeois and . . . des Vaudois, Geneva, 1618- 1619 (based on a large collection of first-hand documents, some of which are reproduced; there are several partial Eng. transls., London, 1624, 1655, 1712, and 1865); M. A. Rorenco, Breve narratione dell’ introduttione degli heretict delle Valli, Turin, 1632; MGH, Script., xxvi (1882), 247-449; P. Gilles, Hist. eccl. des églises reformées recueillies en quelques vallées de Piemont, 1664, new ed., 2 vols., Pignerol, 1881; Waldenser Chronick, Schaffhausen, 1655; J. Léger, Hist. générale des églises évangéliques des vallées de Piemont ou Vaudoises, 2 vols., Leyden, 1669; W. Map, Liber de nugis curialium, distinctio, i. 37, ed. T. Wright for Camden Society, pp. 64 sqq., London, 1850, and in MGH, Script., xxvii (1885), 61 sqq.; La Noble Lecon, ed. E. Montet, Paris, 1888; Rescriptum heresiarcharum Lombardie ad Leonistas in Alamannia, ed. Preger in AMA, historische Klasse, xiii. 234 sqq.; J. J. I. von Déllinger, Bettrige zur Sektengeschichte des Mittelalters, vol. iii. Documente, Munich, 1890; A. L. Herminjard, Correspondance des réformateurs, 9 vols., Geneva, 1878-97; statements of Pierre Cella are cited in H. C. Lea, Inquisition in the Middle Ages, ii. 579-584, New York, 1906. Treasuries of documents are the Bulletin de la société de Vhist. des Vaudois, 27 vols., coming down to 1910, the Proceedings of the Huguenot Society and Rivista Cristiana, and much of the literature cited under INQuisiTIoN contains citation from documents related to this subject.
On the history the following may be used: E. Comba, Valdo ed + valdesi avanti la riforma, Florence, 1880; idem, Peter Waldo, London, n. d.; idem, Hist. des Vaudois d’Italie, part 1, Turin, 1887, new ed., 1898, Eng. transl., Hist. of the Waldenses of Italy, London, 1889; idem, H. Arnaud, 1889; idem, Storia de’ Valdesi, Florence, 1893; idem, in Bulletin de la société de Vhist. du protestantisme francaise, xlili. 7 sqq.; A. Muston, L’Israel des Alpes, ou hist. des Vaudois, 4 vols., Paris, 1851 (based on original documents and containing bibliography), Eng. transl., The Israel of the Alps: A History of the Persecutions of the Waldenses, London, 1852; A Collection of the Several Papers sent to the Protector . , . concerning the bloody and
barbarous Massacre . . . committed on many Thousand of Reformed . . . dwelling in the Valleys of Piedmont, by the Duke of Savoy’s Forces . . . Published by Command of his Highness, London, 1655; Sir 8. Moreland, The History of the Evangelical Churches of the Valleys of Piemont containing a... Description and a Faithfull Account of the Doctrine, Life,, and Persecutions . . . (contains sources), London, 1658; P. Allix, Some Remarks upon the Ecclesiastical History of the Ancient Churches of Piedmont, London, 1690; P. Boyer, Abrégé de l’hist. des Vaudois, The Hague, 1691;,idem, The History of the Vaudois, London, 1692; H. Arnaud, Hist. de la glorieuse rentrée des Vaudois dans leurs vallées, 1710, new ed., Pignerol, 1880, partly translated in The Glorious Recovery by the Vaudois of their Valleys, from the Original by Henri Arnaud, their Commander and Pastor, with a Compendious History of that People, previous and subsequent to that Event, London, 1827; M. Schagen, Hist. der Cristenen Waldensen, Haarlem, 1765; T. Newton, Dissertation on the Prophecies, vol. ii. 243-249, 251-252, 293-317, Perth, 1790; J. Brez, Hist. des Vaudois, 2 vols., Paris, 1796; W. Jones, The History of the Waldenses, 2d ed., London, 1816; H. D. Acland, A Brief Sketch of the History and Present Situation of the Valdenses in Piemont, commonly called Vaudois, London, 1825; B. Bridge, A Brief Narrative of a Visit to the Valleys of Piedmont inhabited by the Vaudois, London, 1825; J. F. Martinet, Kerkelijke Geschiedenis der Waldensen, 3d ed., Amsterdam, 1826; J. L. Jackson, Remarks on the Vaudois of Piemont, during an Excursion in the Summer of 1826, London, 1826; J. R. Peyran, An Historical Defence of the Waldenses or Vaudotis [in French]. With an Introduction and Appendixes by Rev. T. Sims, London, 1826; T. McCrie, History of the Progress and Suppresston of the Reformation in Italy, Edinburgh, 1827; G. S. Faber, Sacred Calendar of Prophecy, 3 vols., London, 1828; idem, An Enquiry into the History and Theology of the Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses, as exhibiting, agreeably to the Promises, the Perpetuity of the sincere Church of Christ, London, 1838; W.S. Gilly, Narrative of an Excursion to the Mountains of Piemont in 1823, and Researches among the Vaudois, or Waldenses, London, 1824 (with maps, plates, and copies of ancient manuscripts); idem, Waldensian Researches during a Second Visit to the Vaudois of Piemont, London, 1831; idem, The Valdenses, Valdo, and Vigilantius, Edinburgh, 1841; W. Dieterici, Die Waldenser und thre Verhiltnisse zu dem brandenburg-preussischen Staate, Berlin, 1831; S. R. Maitland, Facts and Documents Illustrative of the History, Doctrine, and Rites of the Ancient Albigenses and Waldenses, London, 1832; A. Blair, History of the Waldenses, with an Introductory Sketch of the History of the Christian Churches in the South of France and North of Italy, till these Churches submitted to the Pope, when the Waldenses continued as formerly independent of the Papal See, Edinburgh, 1833; P. Jas, Disputatio . . . de Valdensium secta ab Albigensibus distinguenda, Leyden, 1834; E. T. Mayerhoff, Die Waldenser an unseren Tagen, Berlin, 1834; A. Charvaz, Recherches historiques sur la véritable origine des Vaudois et sur le caractére de leurs doctrines primitives, Paris, 1836; W. Beattie, The Waldenses, or Protestant Valleys of Piedmont, etc., London, 1838; G. Stanley, Researches on the Theology and History of the Ancient Vaudois and Albigenses, London, 1838; W. Sims, History of Waldenses from the Earliest Period till the Present Time, 3 vols., Edinburgh, 1839; E. Henderson, The Vaudois: comprising Observations made on a Tour to the Valleys of Piedmont, London, 1845; R. Baird, Sketches of Protestantism in Italy, Past and Present, including a Notice of the Origin, History, and Present State of the Waldenses, 2d ed., Boston, 1847; C. U. Hahn, Geschichte der Waldenser, 2 vols., Stuttgart, 1847; A. Monastier, Histoire de l’église vaudois depuis son origine, et des Vaudois du Prémont jusqu’t nos jours, 2 vols., Paris, 1847 (an appendix contains the principal original writings, etc.), Eng. transl., A History of the Vaudois Church from its Origin, and of the Vaudois of Piedmont to the Present Day, London, 1848; H. D. Wickham, An Historical Sketch of the Italian Vaudois, from the First Ages of Christianity to the Present Day, etc., London, 1847; J. J. Herzog, De Waldensiwm origine, Halle, 1848; idem, in Revue de théologie et philosophie chrétienne, 1850; idem, Die romanischen Waldenser, Halle, 1857 (reprints documents); F. Bender, Geschichte der Waldenser, Ulm, 1850; A. W. Dieckhoff, Die Waldenser im Mittelalter, Géttingen, 1851 (epoch-making); H. Baines, A Visit
to the Vaudois of Piedmont, London, 1855; P. Heber, Waldo, Kaiser Karls des Grossen geistlicher Rath, und die dlteren Waldenser, Basel, 1858; D. Costello, Piedmont and Ttaly, 2 vols., London, 1859-61; M. Young, The Life and Times of Aonio Paleario, 2 vols., London, 1860; P. Melia, The Origin, Persecutions, and Doctrines of the Waldenses, from Documents, many now the first time collected and edited, London, 1870; J. P. Meille, General Beckwith: his Life and Labours among the Waldenses of Piedmont, London, 1873; J. Goll, Quellen und Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der bihmischen Briider, Prague, 1878-82; Jane L. Willyams, The Waldensian Church in the Valleys of
Piedmont, from the Earliest Period to the Present Time,’
new ed., London, 1879; J. N. Worsfold, Peter Waldo, the Reformer of Lyons, London, 1880; J. A. Wylie, History of the Waldenses, London, 1880; W. Jones, Hist. of the Waldenses, new ed., 2 vols., London, 1882; A. Deissmann, Waldenser in der Grafschaft Schaumburg, Wiesbaden, 1884; H. Meille, Recollections of Two Hundred Years ago in the Waldensian Valleys, Edinburgh, 1886; E. Montet, Hist. littéraire des Vaudois du Piémont, Geneva, 1886 (reprints early sources); K. Miiller, Die Waldenser und thre einzelnen Gruppe bis zum Anfang des 14. Jahrhunderts, Gotha, 1886; L. Brunel, Les Vaudois des Alps francaises, Paris, 1888; D. K. Guthrie, Lecture on the Waldenses and their Glorious Return, Edinburgh, 1889; A. Thomson, Letters Written in Connection with the Bi-Centenary Commemoration of the ‘‘ Glorious Return”’ of the Waldenses to their Native Valleys, Edinburgh, 1889; J. W. Brown, Italian Campaign, London, 1890; J. Chevalier, Mémoire historique sur les hérésies du Dauphiné, Valence, 1890; H. Haupt, Waldensertum und Inquisition, Freiburg, 1890 (reproduces documents); A. Bérard, Les Vaudois ... du 4. au 18. stécle, Paris, 1892; F. Rostan, The Waldensian Church and her Work of Evangelization in Italy, Torre Pellice, 1894; T. Gay, The Waldenses, their Rise, Struggles, Persecutions, and Triumphs, London, 1895; Sofia V. Bonipiani, A Short History of the Italian Waldenses who have inhabited the Valleys of the Cottian Alps from Ancient Times to the Present, New York, 1897; C. Huck, Dogmenhistorischer Beitrag zur Geschichte der Waldenser, Freiburg, 1897; W. B. Worsfold; The Valley of Light: Studies with Pen and Pencil in the Vaudois Valleys of Piedmont, London, 1899; G. Jalla, Compendia di storia valdese, Florence, 1902; J. Gibson, The Waldenses, their Home and History, Edinburgh (1903); H. C. Lea, Inquisition of the Middle Ages, 3 vols., New York, 1906, and in general works on the Inquisition; T. de Cauzons, Les Vaudois et Vinquisition, 2 vols., Paris, 1907; Schaff, Christian Church, v. 1, pp. 493-507; KL, xii. 1185-95.
On Waldensian literature: F. J. M. Raynouard, Choix des poésies des troubadours, ii.:73—102, Paris, 1817; G. von Zezschwitz, Die Katechismen der Waldenser und béhmischen Brider, Erlangen, 1863; H. Haupt, Die deutsche Bibeltibersetzung der mittelalterlichen Waldenser, Wiirzburg, 1885; F. Jostes, Die Waldenser und die vorlutherische deutsche Bibeliibersetzung, Minster, 1885; J. Miller, in Monumenta Germanie pedagogica, vol. iv., Berlin, 1887.
WALDENSTRO EM, val’den-strtm, PAUL PETER: Swedish theologian and educator; b. at Luled (106 m. n.e. of Stockholm), Sweden, July 20, 1838. He pursued post-graduate studies at the University of Upsala, 1857-62 (Candidate in Philosophy, 1862; Ph.D., 1863); in 1864 he was ordained and was appointed lector in theology, Greek, and Hebrew at the gymnasium at Umea. Financially aided by the State, he traveled, in 1867, in Prussia and Wiirttemberg, Germany, for the purpose of studying the German school system. In 1873-74 he studied at the University of Upsala the symbolical books of the Lutheran Church, publishing the results in De justificatione quid statuant libri symbolici ecclesice lutherane (Upsala, 1874). In the spring of 1874 he was appointed lector in theology and Hebrew at the gymnasium in Gefle. He has contributed numerous articles on pedagogy to Pedagogisk tidsskrift (1866-73); after the death of Rosenius (q.v.), in 1868, he became the editor of Pietisten, in