RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Water Supply in Palestine Watson
14, 1844. He was educated at King’s College, London (B.A., University of London, 1868), and was ordered deacon in 1870 and ordained priest in the following year. He was curate of Pluckley, Kent (1870-72); vicar of Much Wenlock (1873-75); after which he was connected with King’s College, London, as censor, tutor, and chaplain (1875-78), professor of logic and moral philosophy (1877-79), and professor of logic and metaphysics (1879-80). During this period he was also warden of St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury (1878-80), and vicar of St. Gregory the Great, Canterbury (1879-80). He was canon of Durham and archdeacon of Northumberland (1880-82); also curate of All Saints, Newcastleon-Tyne (1881-82); in 1882 he became archdeacon of Auckland, but resigned this dignity within the year. Since 1882 he has been canon and archdeacon of Durham; also professor of Hebrew in the University of Durham since 1880. He was Bampton lecturer at Oxford in 1890, and has been an honorary fellow of King’s College, London, since 1872 and of St. Augustine’s College, Canterbury, since 1883, examining chaplain to the bishop of Durham since 1879, and commissary to the bishop of Sydney since 1884. He has written the commentary on the Gospel of St. John for Bishop C. J. Ellicott’s New Testament Commentary for English Readers (London, 1877; reprinted separately, 1879); The Church in Northumberland: A Primary Charge (1882); and Modern Criticism considered in its Relation to the Fourth Gospel (Bampton lectures; London, 1891).
WATSON, FREDERICK: Church of England; b. at York Oct. 18, 1844; d. at Cambridge Jan. 1, 1906. He was educated at St. John’s College, Cambridge (B.A., 1868; M.A., 1871; B.D., 1884; fellow, 1871-78). He was ordered deacon in 1871 and ordained priest in 1872; was assistant curate at Stow-cum-Quy, 1871-75, and St. Giles’, Cambridge, 1875-78; rector of Starston, Norfolk, 1878- 1886; vicar of Stow-cum-Quy, 1886-93; after 1893 he was minister of St. Edward’s, Cambridge, and being reelected to his fellowship at St. John’s, was also lecturer in Hebrew and theology in that college. He was Hulsean lecturer in 1883, and an honorary canon of Ely. He wrote The Ante-Nicene Apologies (Cambridge, 1870); Defenders of the Faith (1878); The Law and the Prophets (Hulsean lectures; 1883); The Book of Genesis a True History (London, 1892); and Inspiration (1906).
WATSON, JOHN (“IAN MACLAREN”): Presbyterian; b. at Manningtree (9 m. s.w. of Ipswich), Essex, Nov. 3, 1850; d. at Mt. Pleasant, Ia., May 6, 1907. He studied at the universities of Edinburgh (M.A., 1870) and Tiibingen, and at New College, Edinburgh; was assistant at Barclay Church, Edinburgh (1874-85); minister of Logiealmond Free Church (1875-77); of St. Matthew’s Church, Glasgow (1877-80); and Sexton Park Presbyterian Church, Liverpool (1880- 1905). He was Lyman Beecher lecturer at Yale in 1896, and in 1906 again visited the United States, where he was taken ill and died. In theology he was a liberal evangelical. He wrote: The Upper Room (London, 1895); The Mind of the Master (1896); The Cure of Souls (Yale lectures; 1896);
The Potter’s Wheel (1897); Companions of the Sor-
rowful Way (1898); Doctrines of Grace (1900); The Life of the Master (1901); The Homely Virtues (1903) ; and The Inspiration of our Faith (1905). He is most widely known, however, for his sketch of Scotch life in the series of studies which was begun with his Beside the Bonnie Briar Bush (1894), and these are marked by an intense appreciation of the peculiar qualities which have ever made the Scotch favorite subjects for literary portrayal. Humor and pathos are blended, and he was in the front rank of the successors to Dean Ramsay and Dr. John Brown.
BrisiiocRAPHY: W. R. Nicoll, ‘‘ Jan Maclaren.” Life of the
Rev. John Watson, London, 1908-09; Sir E. Russell, in Hibbert Journal, July, 1907.
WATSON, RICHARD: The name of two English divines.
1. Bishop of Llandaff: Scientist and apologist; b. at Haversham, Westmoreland (40 m. s. of Carlisle), Aug., 1737; d. at Calgarth Park (37 m.s. of Carlisle) July 4, 1816. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A., 1759; fellow, 1760; M.A., 1762; D.D., 1771); became professor of chemistry, 1764, having no prior knowledge of the subject, but fitting himself for the position by assiduous application and achieving a remarkable success both in teaching the subject and by his published contributions; was elected regius professor of divinity, 1771, acknowledging later that his qualifications for that chair were not great; became prebendary at Ely, 1774, and archdeacon there, 1779; rector of Northwold, Norfolk, 1779; of Knaptoft, Leicestershire, 1780; and bishop of Llandaff, 1782. Watson is especially noted for his versatility and power of concentration, for clearness in expounding scientific matters, for ingenuity in working out results, and for his interest in Biblical study as applied by the laity. He issued a number of publications dealing with chemistry, including Institutionum chemicarum, ... pars metallurgica (Cambridge, 1768), which were collected in Chemical Essays (5 vols., London, 1781-87). Among his theological works may be noted Apology for Christianity, . . . Letters... to Edward Gibbon (1776; regarded as the antidote to Gibbon’s fifteenth chapter, and frequently reprinted; for the character of this chapter see Grn- BON, Epwarb); A Collection of Theological Tracts (6 vols., Cambridge, 1785; an assemblage ot twentyfour works by many hands, the aim being the furtherance of Biblical study); and An Apology for the Bible in a Series of Letters Addressed to Thomas Paine (London, 1796; a work which had a wide popularity both in England and in America). He also gathered sermons and other writings, charges, etc., in his Miscellaneous Tracts on Religious, Political and Agricultural Subjects (2 vols., 1815). He contributed material for his life in his Anecdotes of the Life of Richard Watson, edited by his son (1817). He was a supporter of Wilberforce in the latter’s crusade against slavery, and was interested in the extension of churches in London. He was a man of great breadth of thought and charity of action.
2. English Methodist: b. at Barton upon Humber (32 m. s.e. of York), England, Feb. 22, 1781; d. at London Jan. 8, 1833. He was educated at Lincoln Grammar School; apprenticed to a joiner at Lin-
Watson Wayland