WIED, HERMAN VON.
See
See HERMAN oF WIED.
RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Wickedness
Wigand WIEGAND, vi’gant, FRIEDRICH LUDWIG | logie des apostolischen Zeitalters (Hamburg, 1848); LEONHARD: German Protestant; b. at Hanau | Kommentar wiber den Brief Pauli an die Galater
(12 m. e. of Frankfort) Oct. 14, 1860. He was educated at the universities of Marburg, Leipsic (Ph.D., 1886), Erlangen, and Gottingen (1879-83); was a member of the faculty of the Lutheran missionary seminary in Leipsic, 1883-87; in 1891 he became privat-docent for church history and Christian archeology at the University of Erlangen, and associate professor in 1899; in 1902 he was called in a similar capacity to Marburg, and since 1907 has been professor of church history at Greifswald. He has written Der Erzengel Michael in der bildenden Kunst (Stuttgart, 1886); De ecclesie notione quid Wiclif docuerit (Leipsic, 1891); Hine Wanderung durch die romischen Katakomben (Erlangen, 1893); Das Homilarium Karls des Grossen auf seine urspriingliche Gestalt hin untersucht (Leipsic, 1897); Hrzbischof Odilbert von Maitland tiber die Taufe (1899); Die Stellung des apostolischen Symbols im kirchlichen Leben des Mittelalters, 7. (1899); Agobert von Lyon und die Judenfrage (Erlangen, 1901); Mathurin Veyssiére La Croze als Verfasser der ersten deutschen Missionsgeschichte (Giitersloh, 1902); Philipp der Grossmiitige als evangelischer Christ (Marburg, 1904); and Das apostolische Symbol im Miuttelalter, eine Skizze (Giessen, 1904); and is the editor of Kirchliche Bewegungen der Gegenwart.
WIENER, HAROLD MARCUS: English Jew; b. in London Oct. 28, 1875. He was educated at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge (B.A., 1897), and in 1901 was called to the bar by the Honorable Society of Lincoln’sInn. He “‘ defends the Mosaic authenticity of the Pentateuchal legislation and attacks the documentary and evolutionary theories of the origin of the Pentateuch.” Besides many briefer contributions to Murray’s Illustrated Bible Dictionary (London, 1908) and to theological periodicals, among which his “ Legislations of Israel and Babylonia ”’ (in the Journal of the Transactions of the Victoria Institute, xli.) deserves special mention, he has written Studies in Biblical Law (London, (1904), Essays in Pentateuchal Criticism (Oberlin, 1909), and The Origin of the Pentateuch (1910).
WIESELER, vi’sel-er, KARL: German Lutheran theologian; b. at Altenzelle, near Celle in Hanover, Feb. 28, 1813; d. at Greifswald Mar. 11, 1883. In 1826 he entered the gymnasium at Salzwedel, in 1831 the University of Géttingen, where in 1836 he became repetent, in 1839 licentiate of theology, lecturing on Old- and New-Testament exegesis, and 1843 associate professor; in 1851 he became professor of Old- and New-Testament exegesis at Kiel; and in 1863 professor of the New Testament at Greifswald. In 1870 he assumed the position also of consistorial councilor at Stettin. Beginning his publications with a prize essay published at Gottingen, 1835, he next wrote Auslegung und Kritik der apokalyptischen Literatur des A. und N. T. (1889). His first principal work is Chronologische Synopsis der vier Evangelien; ein Beitrag zur Apologie der Evangelien und evangelischen Geschichte vom Standpunkte der Voraussetzungslosigkeit (Hamburg, 1843;- Eng. transl., Chronology of the Four Gospels, London, 1864). Other works which followed are: Chrono-
(1859); Untersuchung wiber den Hebréerbrief, namentlich seinen Verfasser und seine Leser (2 parts, Kiel, 1860-61); Beitrdge zur richtigen Wiirdigung der Evangelien und der evangelischen Geschichte (Gotha, 1869); Geschichte des Bekenntnisstandes der lutherischen Kirche Pommerns bis zur Hinfiihrung der Union (Stettin, 1870); Ueber Rémer vii. 7-25 (Greifswald, 1875); Die Christenverfolgungen der Casaren bis zum 3. Jahrhundert (1878); and Zur Geschichte der neutestamentlichen Schrift und des Urchristentums (Leipsic, 1880). (O. Z6cKLERT.)
WIFE-HATER BIBLE. See Bisite VERSIONS, B, IV., § 9.
WIGAND, vi’gant, JOHANN: Lutheran theologian; b. at Mansfeld (60 m. s.e. of Brunswick) 1523; d. at Liebemiih] (63 m. s.e. of Danzig) Oct. 21, 1587. He studied theology at the University of Wittenberg, where he heard Luther, Melanchthon, and Cruciger. In 1541 he became teacher in the school of St. Lawrence in Nuremberg, but in 1544 returned to Wittenberg in order to complete his studies. In 1546 he became preacher in Mansfeld, and in 1553 at St. Ulrich in Magdeburg, where he was also town superintendent, and took an active part in the theological controversies of the time. With his younger colleague Judex he became one of the most zealous companions of Flacius in his struggle against adiaphorism (see ADIAPHORA), Majorism (see Masor, Grora; Masoristic Con- TROVERSY), and Synergism (q.v.). In 1560 he went as professor of theology to Jena, where, with Flacius, Judex, and Muszeus, he assisted in upholding Lutheran orthodoxy. In August of the same year he was active as one of the recorders in the colloquy between Flacius and Strigel. Though not in entire accord with Flacius, on Nov. 25, 1561, both he and Flacius were deposed because of their antagonism to the Philippists (q.v.). Wigand returned to Magdeburg until, in 1562, John Albrecht and Ulrich of Mecklenburg called him as superintendent to Wismar, but he was recalled by Duke Johannes Wilhelm to Jena in 1568. He again became involved with Flacius in the controversy on hereditary sin and rupture between Flacius and the theologians of Jena followed. Meanwhile Wigand enjoyed the favor of the duke, at whose request he undertook a church and school visitation in Thuringia and accompanied him in 1570 to the Diet of Speyer, but on the death of the duke in 1573, Wigand and Hesshusen were deposed by Elector Augustus. They went to Brunswick, where they were received by Duke Julius and Martin Chemnitz, and Wigand became professor of theology at the University of Kénigsberg. In 1575 he was elected and consecrated bishop of Pomesania. But a controversy soon broke out between Hesshusen and Wigand because of Hesshusen’s statement that Christ is omnipotent, omniscient, etc., not only concretely, but also that the humanity possesses the same attributes. Hesshusen was deposed on May 5, 1577, and Wigand was entrusted with the administration of his bishopric so that he administered two bishoprics until his death. In Prussia not until 1581 were the followers of Hess-
Wigand Wilberforce