THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
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husen and those of Wigand reconciled. Wigand had an important part in the compilation of the Magdeburg Centuries. At first he assisted Flacius in his great work and then continued it at Wismar in Mecklenburg together with Judex, Andreas Corvinus, Thomas Holzhiiter, and Andreas Schoppen, completing it from the seventh to the sixteenth century. Of his numerous other works may be mentioned: Catechismi majoris Sidonit refutatio (Magdeburg, 1550); Argumenta sacramentariorum refutata (1557); Syntagma seu corpus doctrine ex Novo Testamento (1558; in collaboration with Judex) ; De adiaphoristicis corruptelis (1559); Censura de Victorint declaratione sive potius occultatione errorum (1562); De libero arbitrio (1562); Hrrores Majoris (1563); Syntagma seu corpus doctrine ex Veteri Testamento collectum (1564); Argumenta de necessitate bonorum operum refutata (1565); De communicatione idiomatum (1568); Von der Erbstinde (1571); Septem spectra Manicheorum (1571); De dicto Joannis: peccatum est anomia (1574); Analysts exegeseos sacramentarie sparse in sede Lutheri (1574); In Hvangelium Johannis explicationes (1575); De Servetianismo (1575); De sacramentarismo (1584); De Osiandrismo (1586); De Schwenckfeldismo (1586 and 1587); De Manicheismo renovato (1587). Most of these have now only a historical interest. (G. KAWERAU.) BisiioGRAPHY: His autobiography was printed in the Fortgesetzte Sammlung, 1738, pp. 601-620. The funeral sermon by C. Schlisselburg was issued, Frankfort, 1591. Other material sources are Schliisselburg’s Hpistole clarissimorum theologorum, 1624; J. Westphal’s Briefsammlung, ed. C. H. W. Sillem, Hamburg, 1903. Consult: M. Adam, Vite Germanorum theologorum, pp. 60 sqq., Heidelberg, 1620; C. A. Salig, Historie der augsburgischen Confession, i. 639 sqq., ili. 279 sqq., Halle, 1733-35; J. G. Walch, Religionsstreitigkeiten der evangelisch-lutherischen Kirche, i. 57 sqq., iv. 100 sqq., Jena, 1733 saq.; J. G. Planck, Geschichte des protestantischen Lehrbegriffs, iv. 195 sqq., 5 vols., Hanover, 1803-09; J. W. Schulte, Beitrége zur Entstehungsgeschichte der Magdeb. Centurien, Neisse, 1877; F. X. von Wegele, Geschichte der deutschen Histortographie, pp. 328 sqq., Munich, 1885; ADB, xlii. 452 sqq.; and the literature under MacpEBURG CENTURIES.
WIGBERT: First abbot of Fritzlar (82 ma n.e. of Marburg); d. about 746. What little is known of Wigbert’s life is largely derived from the account by Servatus Lupus of Ferriéres, who compiled his biography at the desire of Abbot Bun of Hersfeld, but seems to have possessed only meager information as he furnishes hardly more than the outlines of the life of his hero. [Wigbert received his education in England at the monasteries of Winbrun and Glaston.] Boniface induced Wigbert to come from England to Germany and entrusted him with the charge of the abbey of Fritzlar, and at a later time transferred him to Ordruff, whence he returned to Fritzlar after a few years to spend the rest of his days. During an invasion of the Saxons his corpse was taken to Buraburg and some years afterward Lullus of Mainz (q.v.) transported it to Hersfeld. Besides these few facts, the biography contains only the usual valueless eulogies of the saint, and a number of miraculous stories. The letters of Boniface contain hardly any more information than the biography, there being mentioned a number of persons named Wigbert, who can not always be differentiated. (A. Hauck.)
Brstiocraruy: The Vita is by Servatus Lupus (q.v. for editions of the ‘‘ works”’), reproduced in ASB, Aug. iii. 133-137, ASM, iii. 1, pp. 671-682, MGH, Script., xv. 1 (1887), 37-43, and MPL, exix. 679-694 (other material, pp. 694-700). The Miracula are in MGH, Script., iv (1841), 224-228. Consult: F. Schauerté, Der heilige Wigbert, Paderborn, 1895; J. C. F. Bahr, Geschichte der romischen Literatur im karolingischen Zeitalter, pp. 228, 456-461, Carlsruhe, 1840; F. Sprotte, Biographie des .. . Servatus Lupus, pp. 161 sqq., Regensburg, 1880; A. Ebert, Geschichte der Literatur des Mittelalters, ii. 206, Leipsic, 1880; Rettberg, KD, i 593-594; Hauck, KD, i. 489-490.
WIGGLESWORTH, MICHAEL: New England divine; b. probably in Yorkshire, England, Oct. 28, 1631; d. at Malden, Mass., June 10, 1705. He was brought to New England, 1638; was graduated from Harvard, 1651; was tutor there, 1652-54; studied theology, and supplied the pulpit of Charleston for the winter of 1653-54; began to preach at Malden in 1655, and was pastor there, 1657-1705. He was kept from officiating personally in the pulpit for about twenty years because of ill-health; during this time he studied medicine and became a skilful physician. In 1686 he resumed his pulpit labors, but continued to practise as a physician. He was the author of The Day of Doom. A Poem (Cambridge, 1662, and often; printed again, New York, 1867; contains the famous (unsuccessful) ‘“ Reprobate Infants’ Plea” against being eternally punished); A Poem on the Sanctification of Afflictions (1669); and Meat out of the Eater (1670). BrpitiograpHy: W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American
Pulpit, i. 143-146, New York, 1859.
WIGRAM, GEORGE VICESIMUS: Plymouth Brother; b. at Walthamstow (5 m. n.e. of London) in 1805; d. in London Jan. 1, 1879. He was the twentieth child of Sir Robert Wigram, one of whose sons became vice-chancellor in the old court of chancery, and another bishop of Rochester. George in 1826 entered at Queen’s College, Oxford, with the view of taking orders. As an undergraduate he came in contact with James Harris and Benjamin Wills Newton, both of Exeter College; the three were in 1830 associated with J. N. Darby (q.v.) in the formation of a company of Christians at Plymouth, who separated from the organized churches for ‘‘ testimony ” to the unity of the Church, and to its direction by the Holy Spirit alone, without official rule, while awaiting the Second Advent (see PiymMoutH BRETHREN). Between 1830 and 1838 Wigram was active in initiation of like “ gatherings ”’ at London; also in superintendence of the preparation of Bible Concordances, produced at his expense: The Englishman’s Greek and English Concordance to the New Testament appeared in 1839, and The Englishman’s Hebrew and Chaldee Concordance in 1863.
In the years 1845-50 Wigram was prominently concerned in an upheaval which affected Bristol in particular. For several years thenceforth he conducted a periodical entitled The Present Testimony. In 1856 he produced a hymnal under the title of Hymns for the Little Flock. In 1866, at another critical juncture, he gave his support to Darby when the leader’s doctrine introduced further
dissension. Wigram will rank as a devotional writer. BE. E. Waitrmyp. BIBLIOGRAPHY: E. D[fennett], Memorials of the Ministry
of G. V. W., 2d ed., London, 1881.