PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah
Edersheim, Alfred, 1825-1889 · 873,712 words · 1020 reading sections
[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6149] About the ninth hour.' I cannot bring myself here to discuss the supposed analogous quotations of Ps. xxii. 1 in Rabbinic writings. The comparison is equally inapt and irreverent. [6150] St. John xix. 28. [6151] The words last quoted can, of course, and have by most writers been connected with the thirst of…
739 wordsSECTION 842[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6174] Deut. xxi. 23; comp. Jos. War iv. 5. 2. [6175] rtesan, they asked,' St. John xix. 31. [6176] Comp. Friedlieb, Archæol. d. Leidensgesch. pp.163-168; but especially Nebe, u. s. ii. pp. 394, 395. [6177] Ex. xii. 46; Numb. ix. 12. [6178] Ps. xxxiv. 20. [6179] Zech. xii. 10 [6180] Sukk. 52 a. [6181] Rev. i. 7…
834 wordsSECTION 843[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6207] The Synopists record, that the Body of Jesus was wrapped' in a linen cloth;' St. John tells us that it was bound' with the aloes and myrrh of Nicodemus into swathes' or cloths,' even as they were found afterwards in the empty tomb, and by their side the napkin,' or soudarion, for the head. I have tried to co…
833 wordsSECTION 844[5483] A. D. 132-135.
The question is of such importance, alike in itself and as regards this whole history, that a discussion, however brief and even imperfect, [6218] preliminary to the consideration of the Evangelic narrations, seems necessary. What thoughts concerning the Dead Christ filled the minds of Joseph of Arimathæa, of Nico…
842 wordsSECTION 845[5483] A. D. 132-135.
This brings us to the real question in hand. Since the Apostles and others evidently believed Him to be dead, and expected not His Resurrection, and since the fact of His Death was not to them a formidable, if any, objection to His Messianic Character - such as might have induced them to invent or imagine a Resurre…
777 wordsSECTION 846[5483] A. D. 132-135.
The Vision-hypothesis' is not much improved, if we regard the supposed vision as the result of reflection - that the disciples, convinced that the Messiah could not remain dead (and this again is contrary to fact) had wrough themselves first into a persuasion that He must rise, and then into visions of the Risen [6…
691 wordsSECTION 847[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6215] I may here state that I accept the genuineness of the concluding portion of St. Mark (xvi. 9-20). If, on internal grounds, it must be admitted that it reads like a postscript; on the other hand, without it the section would read like a mutilated document. This is not the place to discuss the grounds on which…
974 wordsSECTION 848[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6235] These two modes of accounting for the narrative of the Resurrection: by fraud, and that Christ's was not real death, were already attempted by Celsus, 1700 years ago, and the first, by the Jews long before that. Keim has subjected them, as modified by different advocates, to a searching criticism, and, with …
721 wordsSECTION 849[5483] A. D. 132-135.
The difference, if such it may be called, in the names of the women, who at early morn went to the Tomb, scarce requires elaborate discussion. It may have been, that there were two parties, starting from different places to meet at the Tomb, and that this also accounts for the slight difference in the details of wh…
710 wordsSECTION 850[5483] A. D. 132-135.
While the Magdalene hastened, probably by another road, to the abode of Peter and John, the other women also had reached the Tomb, either in one party, or, it may be, in two companies. They had wondered and feared how they could accomplish their pious purpose - for, who would roll away the stone for them? But, as o…
808 wordsSECTION 851[5483] A. D. 132-135.
3. Yet whatever light had risen in the inmost sanctuary of John's heart, he spake not his thoughts to the Magdalene, whether she had reached the Sepulchre ere the two left it, or met them by the way. The two Apostles returned to their home, either feeling that nothing more could be learned at the Tomb, or to wait f…
708 wordsSECTION 852[5483] A. D. 132-135.
It was precisely this which now prompted the action of the Magdalene - prompted also, and explains, the answer of the Lord. As in her name she recognised His Name, the rush of old feeling came over her, and with the familiar Rabboni!' [6264] - my Master - she would fain have grasped Him. Was it the unconscious impu…
715 wordsSECTION 853[5483] A. D. 132-135.
Thus they were unclear on that very Easter Day even as to His Mission and Work: unclear as to the past, the present, and the future. What need for the Resurrection, and for the teaching which the Risen One alone could bring! These two men had on that very day been in communication with Peter and John. And it leaves…
694 wordsSECTION 854[5483] A. D. 132-135.
It may have been where the two roads from Lifta and Kolonieh meet, that the mysterious Stranger, Whom they knew not, their eyes being holden,' joined the two friends. Yet all these six or seven miles [6274] their converse had been of Him, and even now their flushed faces bore the marks of sadness [6275] on account …
703 wordsSECTION 855[5483] A. D. 132-135.
The Master allowed Himself to be constrained. He went in to be their guest, as they thought, for the night. The simple evening-meal was spread. He sat down with them to the frugal board. And now He was no longer the Stranger; He was the Master. No one asked, or questioned, as He took the bread and spake the words o…
711 wordsSECTION 856[5483] A. D. 132-135.
They were sitting at meat [6280] - if we may infer from the notice of St. Mark, and from what happened immediately afterwards, discussing, not without considerable doubt and misgiving, the real import of these appearances of Christ. That to the Magdalene seems to have been put aside - at least, it is not mentioned,…
885 wordsSECTION 857[5483] A. D. 132-135.
In answering the second question proposed, we must bear in mind one important point. The power of binding' and loosing' had been primarily committed to the Apostles, [6289] and exercised by them in connection with the Church. [6290] On the other hand, that of forgiving and retaining sins, in the sense explained, wa…
825 wordsSECTION 858[5483] A. D. 132-135.
The history itself sparkles like a gem in its own peculiar setting. It is of green Galilee, and of the blue Lake, and recalls the early days and scenes of this history. As St. Matthew has it, [6298] the eleven disciples went away into Galilee' - probably immediately after that Octave of the Easter. [6299] It can sc…
710 wordsSECTION 859[5483] A. D. 132-135.
10. And still this morning of blessing was not ended. The frugal meal was past, with all its significant teaching of just sufficient provision for His servants, and abundant supply in the unbroken net beside them. But some special teaching was needed, more even that that to Thomas, for him whose work was to be so p…
821 wordsSECTION 860[5483] A. D. 132-135.
But what did it mean? The saying went aboard among the brethren that John was not to die, but to tarry till Jesus came again to reign, when death would be swallowed up in victory. But Jesus had not so said, only: If I will that he tarry while I am coming.' What that Coming' was, Jesus had not said, and John knew no…
736 wordsSECTION 861[5483] A. D. 132-135.
This Jesus, When was received up from you into heaven, shall so come, in like manner as ye beheld Him going into heaven.' Even so, Lord Jesus, come quickly!' __________________________________________________________________ [6241] I must remain uncertain, however important, whether the ps sabbton refers to Saturd…
720 wordsSECTION 862[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6263] St. Mark xvi. 12. [6264] This may represent the Galilean form of the expression, and, if so, would be all the more evidential. [6265] Dial. c. Tryph. xvii.; cviii. [6266] In its coarsest form it is told in the so-called Toldoth Jeshu, which may be seen at the end of Wagenseil's Tela Ignea Satanæ. [6267] So…
710 wordsSECTION 863[5483] A. D. 132-135.
[6272] Josh. xv. [6273] Even to this day seems a favourite resort of the inhabitants of Jerusalem for an afternoon (comp. Conder's Tent-Work in Palestine, i. pp. 25-27). [6274] 60 furlongs about = "7" ½ miles. [6275] I cannot persuade myself that the right reading of the close of ver. 17 (St. Luke xxiv.) can be A…
656 wordsSECTION 864Pseudepigraphic Writings
[6300] St. Matt. xxviii. 17. [6301] 1 Cor. xv. 6. [6302] The word immediately' in St. John xxi. 3 is spurious. [6303] St. Luke v. 1, 11. [6304] Yet St John must have been acquainted with this narrative, recorded as it is by all three Synoptists. [6305] This notice also seems specially indicative that the narrator…
1,062 wordsSECTION 865Pseudepigraphic Writings
Of the other Sibylline Books little need be said. The 4th, 5th, 9th, and 12th Books were written by Egyptian Jews at dates varying from the year 80 to the third century of our era. Book VI. is of Christian origin, the work of a Judaising Christian, about the second half of the second century. Book VIII., which embo…
890 wordsSECTION 866Pseudepigraphic Writings
VIII. The Apocalypse of Baruch. - This also exists only in Syriac translation, and is apparently fragmentary, since the vision promised in ch lxxvi. 3 is not reported, while the Epistle of Baruch to the two and a half tribes in Babylon, referred to in lxxvii. 19, is also missing. The book had been divided into seve…
648 wordsSECTION 867Philo Of Alexandria And Rabbinic Theology.
(See vol. i. pp. 42, 45, 47, 53). (Ad. vol. i. p. 42, note 4.) In comparing the allegorical Canons of Philo with those of Jewish traditionalism, we think first of all of the seven exegetical canons which are ascribed to Hillel. These bear chiefly the character of logical deductions, and as such were largely applie…
1,019 wordsSECTION 868Philo Of Alexandria And Rabbinic Theology.
But, theologically, by far the most interesting and important point, with reference not only to the Logos of Philo, but to the term Logos as employed in the Fourth Gospel, is to ascertain the precise import of the equivalent expression Memra in the Targumim. As stated in the text of this book (vol. i. p. 47), the t…
772 wordsSECTION 869Philo Of Alexandria And Rabbinic Theology.
In classifying the passages in which the word Memra occurs in the Jerusalem Targum and the Targum Pseudo-Jonathan, we have reversed the previous order, and Class I. represents the passages in which the term undoubtedly applies to the Personal manifestation of God; Class II., in which this is the fair interpretation…
667 wordsSECTION 870Philo Of Alexandria And Rabbinic Theology.
Class III. Doubtful: Gen. iv. 3, 6 (bis); viii. 1, 21; xxii. 18; xxvi. 5 (bis); Ex. iv. 15; v. 2; ix. 20, 21; x. 29; xiv. 7; xv. 2, 8; xix. 5; xxv. 22; Lev. xviii. 30; xxii. 9; xxvi. 40; Numb. vi. 27; ix. 8; xii. 6; xiv. 11, 22, 35;xv. 34; xx. 24; xxiii. 19; xxvii. 14; xxxiii. 2. 38; xxxvi. 5; Deut. i. 26, 32; iv. …
758 wordsSECTION 871Philo Of Alexandria And Rabbinic Theology.
[6317] The reader who will take our outline of Philo's views to pieces, and compare it with the XXV. Theses de modis et formulis quibus pr. Hebr. doctores SS. interpertari ect. soliti fuerunt' (in Surenhusius' Blos Katallags pp. 57 to 88), will convince himself of the truth of this. [6318] As, for example, Malqosh…
641 wordsSECTION 872Appendix Iii.
RABBINIC VIEWS AS TO THE LAWFULNESS OF IMAGES, PICTORIAL REPRESENTATIONS ON COINS, ETC. (See vol. i. p. 89, note 3.) On this point, especially as regarded images, statues, and coins, the views of the Rabbis underwent (as stated in the text) changes and modifications according to the outward circumstances of the pe…
672 wordsSECTION 873Appendix Iii.
[6325] Following the insufficient reasoning of Ewald (Gesch. d. Volkes Isr. vol. v. p. 83), Schürer represents the non-issue of coins with the image of Herod as a concession to Jewish prejudices, and argues that the coins of the Emperors struck in Palestine bore no effigy. The assertion is, however, unsupported, an…
353 wordsSECTION 874Appendix Iv.
AN ABSTRACT OF JEWISH HISTORY FROM THE REIGN OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO THE ACCESSION OF HEROD (See Book I. ch. viii.) The political connection of the Grecian world, and, with it, the conflict with Hellenism, may be said to have connected with the victorious progress of Alexander the Great through the then known wo…
684 wordsSECTION 875Appendix Iv.
Jewish legend has much that is miraculous to tell of Simon the Just, and connects him alike with events both long anterior and long posterior to his Pontificate. Many of these traditions read like the outcome of loving, longing remembrance of a happy past which was never to return. Such a venerable form would never…
677 wordsSECTION 876Appendix Iv.
Seleucus IV. was succeeded by his brother Antiochus IV., Epiphanes (175-164). Whatever psychological explanation may be offered of his bearing - whether his conduct was that of a madman, or of a despot intoxicated to absolute forgetfulness of every consideration beyond his own caprice by the fancied possession of p…
721 wordsSECTION 877Appendix Iv.
But the relentless persecution, which searched for its victims in every part of the land, also called forth a deliverer in the person of Mattathias. The story of the glorious rising and final deliverance of the country under the Maccabees or Asmonæans, as they are always called in Jewish writings, [6339] is suffici…
693 wordsSECTION 878Appendix Iv.
From this digression, necessary for the proper understanding of the internal relations in Judæa, we return to the political history. There was another change on the throne of Syria. Demetrius, the new king readily listened to the complaints of a Jewish deputation, and appointed their leader, Alcimus (Jakim or Eljak…
1,113 wordsSECTION 879Appendix Iv.
The Pontificate and the government now developed upon the only one of Simon's sons still left, known as John Hyranus I. (Jochanan Horkenos, [6345] Jannai [6346] ), 135-105 b.c. His first desire naturally was to set free his mother, who was still in the power of Ptolomæus, and to chastise him for his crimes. But in …
852 wordsSECTION 880Appendix Iv.
From all this it is not difficult to from an idea of the relations between Hyrcanus and the Pharisees. If Hyrcanus had not otherwise known of the growing aversion of the Pharisees, a Sadducean friend and councillor kept him informed, and turned it to account for his party. The story of the public breach between Hyr…
966 wordsSECTION 881Appendix Iv.
The third period is marked by coins which bear the inscription Jehonathan the High-Priest and the Jews.' It was a period of outward military success, and of reconciliation with the Pharisees, or at least of their recall - notable of Simeon ben Shetach, and then of his friends - probably at the instigation of the qu…
743 wordsSECTION 882Appendix Iv.
Salome died (in the beginning of 69 b.c.) before the measures proposed against Aristobulus could be carried out. Although Hyrcanus II. now united the royal office with the Pontificate, his claims were disputed by his brother Aristobulus II., who conquered, and obliged his brother to abdicate in his favour his twofo…
666 wordsSECTION 883Appendix Iv.
With the taking of Jerusalem by Pompey (63 b.c.) the history of the Maccabees as a reigning family, and, indeed, that of the real independence of Palestine, came to an end. So truly did Jewish tradition realise this, that it has left us not a single notice either of this capture of Jerusalem or of all the subsequen…
891 wordsSECTION 884Appendix Iv.
Another turn of affairs seemed imminent when Cæsar fell under the daggers of the conspirators (15 March, 44), and Cassius occupied Syria. But Antipater and Herod proved as willing and able to serve him as formerly Cæsar. Antipater, indeed, perished through a court - or perhaps a Nationalist' plot, but his murderers…
854 wordsSECTION 885Appendix Iv.
[6326] We do not here discuss the question, whether or not Alexander really entered Jerusalem. Jewish legend has much to tell of him, and reports many supposed inquiries on his part or discussions between him and the Rabbis, that prove at least the deep impression which his appearance had made, and the permanent re…
679 wordsSECTION 886Appendix Iv.
[6343] The Pharisees never forgave this. It is quite true that this plea for their opposition to the Asmonæans is for the first time reported during a later reign - that of John Hyrcanus I. - and that it was then ostensibly based on the ground of Hyrcanus' mother having been a captive of war. But see our remarks on…
846 wordsSECTION 887Appendix Iv.
[6358] This notice is followed by the somewhat blasphemous story of the achievements of Choni (Onias) hammeaggel, to which reference will be made in the sequel. [6359] Chammumoth. [6360] Comp. also Sanh. 46 a. [6361] Comp. Derenbourg, pp. 108, 109. [6362] According to some (Ant. xiv. 1. 3), he was of noble Jewish…
321 wordsSECTION 888Rabbinic Theology And Literature
(Vol. i. Book I. ch. viii.) 1. The Traditional Law. - The brief account given in vol. i. p. 100, of the character and authority claimed for the traditional law may here be supplemented by a chronological arrangement of the Halakhoth in the order of their supposed introduction or promulgation. In the first class, o…
897 wordsSECTION 889Rabbinic Theology And Literature
That the Rabbis entertained the same views of inspiration, appears not only from the distinctive name of Holy Writings' given to the Scriptures, but also from the directions that their touch defiled the hands, [6383] and that it was duty on the Sabbath to save them from conflagration, and to gather them up if accid…
1,043 wordsSECTION 890Rabbinic Theology And Literature
The question hitherto treated has been exclusively of the date of the composition of the Book of Daniel, without reference to who may have been its author, whether its present is exactly the same as its original form, and finally, whether it ever belonged to those books whose right to canonicity, though nor their a…
994 wordsSECTION 891Rabbinic Theology And Literature
Two points still require brief mention. Even from a comparison of the LXX. Version with our Hebrew text, it is evident that there were not only many variations, but that spurious additions (as Daniel) were eliminated. This critical activity, which commenced with Ezra, whose copy of the Pentateuch was, according to …
880 wordsSECTION 892Rabbinic Theology And Literature
3. Any attempt to set forth in this place a detailed exposition of the Exegetical Canon of the Rabbis, or of their application, would manifestly be impossible. It would require almost a treatise of its own; and a cursory survey would neither be satisfactory to the writer nor instructive to the general reader. Besid…
1,006 wordsSECTION 893The Book Yetsirah
We subjoin a translation of the book Yetsirah, only adding that much, not only as regards the meaning of the expressions but even their translation, is in controversy. Hence, not unfrequently, our rendering must be regarded rather as our interpertation of the mysterious original. Pereq. I. Mishnah 1. In thirty-tw…
683 wordsSECTION 894The Book Yetsirah
Two: Wind (air, spirit?) from (out of) Spirit - thereby ordered and hewed He the twenty-two letters of foundation, three mothers, and 7 duplicate, and 12 simple ones, and one Spirit from (among) them. Three: Water from beneath (wind), He designed and hewed in them tohu vavohu, slime and dung - designed them like a …
657 wordsSECTION 895The Book Yetsirah
Pereq III. Mishnah 1. Three mothers - {hebrew}: their foundation, the scale of guilt and the scale of merit, and the tongue of the statue trembling (deciding) between them. Mishnah 2. Three mothers - {hebrew} - a great mystery, marvellous and hidden, and sealed with six signets, and from them go forth fire and wa…
672 wordsSECTION 896The Book Yetsirah
Mishnah 4. Two letters build two houses (here the number of possible permutations are indicated). Three letters build six houses, four build twenty-four houses, five build 120 houses, six build 720 houses, and from thence go onward and think what the mouth is not able to speak, and the ear not able to hear. And the…
676 wordsSECTION 897The Book Yetsirah
Mishnah 3. Three are one, that standeth alone; seven are divided, there as against three, and the statute intermediate between them. Twelve are in war: three loving, three hating, three giving life, three giving death. The three loving ones: the heart, the ears, and the mouth; the three hating ones: the liver, the …
621 wordsSECTION 898Megillath Taanith, Or Roll Of Fasts.
These are the days on which it is not lawful to fast, and during some of them mourning must also be intermitted. I. Nisan. 1. From the 1st day of the month Nisan, and to the 8th of it, it was settled about the daily sacrifice (that it should be paid out of the Temple-treasury) - mourning is prohibited. 2. And fro…
650 wordsSECTION 899Megillath Taanith, Or Roll Of Fasts.
8. On the 28th the Jews received good tidings that they would no longer be hindered from the sayings of the Law - mourning is prohibited. On these days every one who has before made a vow of fasting is to give himself to prayer. (In extenuation of the apparent harshness and literality of our renderings, it should …
684 wordsSECTION 900Megillath Taanith, Or Roll Of Fasts.
[6382] Comp. also 2 Macc. ii. 13, 14. [6383] The general statement that this decree was intended to prevent a common or profane use of the Scripture does not explain its origin. The latter seems to have been as follows: At first the priests in the Temple were wont to deposit the Terumah near the copy of the Law the…
673 wordsSource & rights
Public Domain; source text supplied by Christian Classics Ethereal Library.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.