1* The contrast between the address of the other disciples, " Is it I, Lord ( xupie)?" (verse 22), and that of Judas, "Is it I, Rabbi?" is marked. It imports that Judas, though among our Lord's closest fol- lowers, was not of them: they recognize Him as their Lord, he only as his teacher. But it remains obscure why in the case of Judas only Matthew uses the Aramaic " Rabbi," rather than, as in other cases of similar contrast, the current Greek form, diSdffxaXe.
15 Wellhausen on Mt 23''-io (p, uy) remarks: "We observe that the address pu-^^i or 8t.8day.aXe is claimed here for Jesus and for Him alone, whereas elsewhere in Matthew and Luke it is too low for Hira and is replaced by xu pie (mari)."
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the case of a scribe who came to Jesus and declared his purpose to become His constant follower (8^^, cf. 19^^). And our Lord places it on His disciples' lips when He instructs them to " go into the city to such a man, and say unto him, The Teacher says, My time is at hand; I keep the passover with my disciples at thy house" (26^^). Similarly in didactic statements He refers (lo^**^^) to the relation between Him and His followers as well under the terms of ' Teacher and disciple ' as under those of ' servant and Lord,' ' the Householder and the household ' : and forbids His fol- lowers to be called ' Rabbi,' because He alone is their * Teacher,' as pointedly as He forbids them to be called ' guides,' because He, the Christ, alone is their ' Guide ' (23'-'').
Two new terms are brought before us in these last- quoted declarations, — ' House-master ^ (ocxodeaTrori^c, Mt 10-^ 24^^; cf. Mk 13-^) and 'Guide' (xaOy^yTjTiJTy 23^^ only in N. T.) ; both of which seem to have higher implications than 'Teacher' (diddaxaXoi:') ^ although both are placed in the closest connection with it as its practical synonyms (10-'*'^^ 23^'^''). 'Guide' {xad7]-jf7jt^(;) occurs indeed nowhere else:^" and we can say of it only that our Lord chose it as one of
1^ The source of the term xadTjyTjryji has been much discussed. It seems to have been in use in the Greek philosophical schools in the sense of Master, Teacher (see Wettstein in loc). The Hebraists (Wiinsche, Delitzsch, Salkinson) are inclined to seek for it an Aramaic original, mio (cf. Holtzmann, Hand-Corn., 251): but on this see Dalman, Words, pp. 335-340. It is a deeper question whether it may not be a Messianic title in accordance with the preservation of such a designation — ' Hathab,' 'the Guide' — among the Samaritans: see Stan- ton, Jeivish and Christian Messiah, 127. There is no rational ground for simply casting the verse out of Matthew (Blass, Wellhausen, Holtz- mann, even Dalman).
68 The Designations of Our Lord
the designations which expressed His exclusive rela- tion to His disciples. He was their only Teacher, Guide, Master and Lord. But ' House-master ' i^oixodza-KOT-^t;) seems to have been rather a favorite
figurative expression with Him, to set the^^House forth His relation to His disciples,
whether in didactic or in parabolic state- ment. In one of His parables, indeed, it is not He who is the ' House-master ' (o£zo^e<T;r(ir:yc), but God," while He is God's Son and Heir (21'' "' '''') in distinction from the slaves which make up other- wise the household; and the uniqueness of His rela- tion to the Father as His Son is thrown up Into the strongest light, and is further emphasized in the application, where Jesus speaks of Himself as the chief cornerstone on which the Kingdom of God is built (verse 42) and on their relation to which the destinies of men hang (verse 44). In other parables, however (13^^ ®^ ^^'^•' 20* etseq.^^ ^j^^ 'House- master ' (^ocxodeffnSrr^c) is Jesus Himself, and the func- tions that are ascribed to Him as such have especial reference to the destinies of men. As the ' House- master' {ocxodza7:6TY]i:)'H.e distributes to men the rewards of their labors in accordance with His own will, doing as He will with His own (20^^) : and bears with the tares in the field in which He has sown good corn until the time of harvest shall come, when He will send the reapers — who are " His Angels " — to gather them out and burn them with fire (13^^ "* '"''•' ^^ ^' '^'^) . In a word, to the ' House-master '(o/xof^eo-Trorjyc), who is ex-
^■^ In r3'52 the otxnSeffTznrrj? is "every scribe who has been made a disciple in the kingdom of heaven." And in 24*^ the otxodeffnoTTj^ is the watching follower on earth who waits for His coming.
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