PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Lord of Glory
B. B. Warfield, 1851–1921 · 112,408 words · 140 reading sections
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Same Christology in Synoptics and John, 174 — Differences in Method, 175 — The Prologue of John, 177 — Jesus' Narrative Name in John, 179 — Jesus' Popular Designations, 180 — Formulas of Address, 180 — ' Lord ', 181 — Jesus the ' Christ ', 182 — Jesus' Own Use of ' Jesus Christ ', 184 — Jesus' Relation to God, 186 — 'K…
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to Christ whole. In forming an estimate of the conception of His person entertained by its writers, and by those represented by them, we cannot neglect any part of its contents. We can scarcely avoid dis- tinguishing in it, to be sure, between what we may call the primary and the subsidiary evidence it bears to the nat…
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* Christ,' although on our Lord's lips ' the Son of Man ' is constant. The general effect of the narrative on the reader, who passes rapidly through it, noting particularly the designations employed of our Lord, is a strong Impression that He is thought of by the writers, and Is represented by them as thought of by His…
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The Designations in Mark 7 Aramaic form * Rabbi ' occurs, however, but seldom in his narrative, and only on the lips of Jesus' disciples (9^ 11^^; 14^^, Judas in betraying Him) ; although the parallel form ' Rabboni ' occurs once on the lips of a petitioner for healing (10^^). In its place stands customarily its simpl…
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petitioning so great a benefit, the honorific title which Is employed Is apt to be charged with a far richer meaning than mere courtesy or respect. And Jesus received It In this case at its full value; In a sense bearing some relation to His own appellative use of the same term, 'Lord' (xupcoc:)^ when He declared Himse…
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1* Cf. Holtzmann, Hand-Commentar, p. 55: "Instead of gutoD at the end there stands too deou rj/iuiv in the Lxx. The change shows that the evangelist, by the xupto^; of the first member, wished not God but the Messiah to be understood." See also Sven Herner, Die Aniven- dung des Wortes xupio<s im N. T., p. 7: "Nor can t…
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more significant ones of 'the Holy One of God ' and * the Son of God,' — varied to ' the Son of the Most High God,' and ' the Son of the Blessed,' — and Jesus' own chosen self-designation, ' the Son of Man.' The evangelist himself nowhere in the course of his narrative speaks of Jesus by one of these titles. As we hav…
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out of place on Jesus' lips and to be accordingly an intrusion into the text from the later point of view of His followers." There seems to be no reason, how- ever, why 'Christ' (xpcarSc) even without the ar- ticle may not be taken appellatively^* (cf. Lk 23^) ; ""^ Dalman, Words, 305-6, explains the words " that ye a…
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son; He asserts that He is David's Lord. It seems, therefore, not quite exact even to say that He wishes to suggest that His sonship derives from a higher source than David: that He is, in a word, the Son of God rather than of David.^^ But it seems clear that He desires to intimate that as Lord of David He was somethin…
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eyes than flesh and blood," and that these eyes were sharpened in the present case by their danger. This remark seems to imply that in the popular view " the Holy One of God " imported something more than divine appointment — something of superhuman nature or character. The sharpest eyes could scarcely discern appointm…
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39 " Note," says Meyer, " the climax — the angels, the Son, the Father." A. J. Mason {Conditions of our Lord's Life on Earth, 120), on the other hand, thinks " there is no express triple ascent, from men to angels, from angels to the Son " — but the ovdk — obdi is in a sort par- enthetical : " None knoweth — no not the…
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shortly, ' The Christ of God.' And it lies In the evi- dence not only that this was the underlying conception of our Lord as reported In this Gospel but also that it was — however dimly — apprehended by those He ad- dressed. There is perhaps no single passage in Mark so clear to this effect as John i z^'*, where the mu…
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It may be difficult, in view of the varied elements which entered into His Messianic conception, to infer with confidence from the substance of the sayings in which Jesus refers to Himself as the ' Son of Man,' precisely the Messianic conception He understood to be covered by that designation.*^ And much less can we su…
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coming with the clouds of heaven (14^^), or " coming in clouds with great power and glory" (13"^) — "in the glory of His Father with the holy angels" (8^^), those holy angels who are sent forth by Him to do His bidding, that they may gather to Him His chosen ones (13-'^). Although there are intermingled traits derived …
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account of Jesus with the picture of a purely human Christ's Life life. It belongs to the very essence of Thoroughly his undertaking to portray this life as Supernatural supernatural; and, from beginning to end, he sets it forth as thoroughly supernatural. The Gospel opens, therefore, by introducing Jesus to us as the …
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There is no necessary contradiction between these two hypotheses; and we must not Introduce here a factitious " either — or." What It behooves us to do is simply to inquire how the matter lay in Mark's mind; what the real significance of the Messiahship he at- tributed to Jesus, and represented Jesus as claiming for Hi…
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of Heavenly self-designation. The appeal involved Origin j^^ j^. ^.^ Daniel 7^^'^* is a definite as- sertion for the Messiah of a heavenly as distinguished from an earthly origin, with all the suggestions of preexistence, divine exaltation and authority, and end- less sovereignty necessarily connected with a heavenly o…
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^ Cf . Swete, on Mk i^^: "'For to this end came I forth' (Mark), is interpreted for us by Luke, ' Because to this end was I sent.' ' Came I forth' does not refer to His departure from Capernaum {v. 35), but to His mission from the Father (Jno 8*2 1320)"; and on Mk lo*'^: " For ^jkdov in reference to our Lord's entrance…
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140). There, but apparently there only, in pre-Christian Jewish litera- ture the Messiah appears as Judge of the world to whom all judgment has been committed (see Charles, The Book of Enoch, 128, 129). Hence Dr. Stanton in Hastings' B. D. iii. 356 et seq. says more exactly: "In this document, . . • He is to be the Jud…
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turlon's enforced conviction, as he witnessed the cir- cumstances of Jesus' death, that this man certainly was ' a Son of God,' appears to be recorded for no other reason (15^^) than to make plain that the super- naturalness of Jesus' person was such as necessarily to Impress any observer. No doubt a heathen centurion …
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sively, even jealously, occupied by Jehovah Himself, and raises the question whether Jesus is not thereby, in some sense, at any rate, identified with Jehovah.^' This question once clearly raised, other phenomena obtrude themselves at once upon our attention. We are impelled, for example, to ask afresh what sense our L…
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Mark among them, must be understood to have been thoroughly familiar with this use of the term, and could scarcely fail to see in its appellative application to Christ a suggestion of His deity, when the implications of the context were, as we have seen them repeatedly to be, of His superhuman dignity and nature. Par- …
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serve very well In the absence of other indications in this Gospel that Jesus was viewed as a superhuman being. In the presence of such indications, however, — especially so clear an instance as is afforded by the saying of Jesus in 13^- — and in the presence of other sug- gestions of the identification of Jesus with t…
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23 Cf. a careful precis of Mark's Conception of the Person and Office of Christ in a section of Dr. Swete's Introduction to his commentary on Mark: pp. xc-xcv. If we should put together, simply, the elements of Mark's christology, perhaps it might be expressed as follows : Jesus was a man, appointed by God Messiah, and…
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Wellhausen would have such a remark understood, however, may be commodiously learned from his section on " the Jewish and the Chris- tian Messiah " in the closing pages of his Einleitung in die drei ersten E'vangelien (1905). The Christian conception of the Messiah, such as lies on the pages of Mark, for example — that…
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Exceptions (which is no exception) that in an- nouncing His birth the Angel of the Lord is reported as commanding, " Thou shalt call His name Jesus " (i^^). And not only does Matthew, like Mark, re- serve the simple ' Jesus ' for his narrative name, but, also like Mark, he practically confines himself to it. The only o…
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the general rule that it Is always omitted as superfluous in the presence of a defining appositional phrase with the article (Blass, p. 152; Moul- ton-Winer, 140-1). Perhaps even 28^ may be classed here. Blass (152) supposes the omission of the article at 28^ regular, on the ground that no anaphora is conceivable there…
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s Cf. Dalman {Words, 303): "In Mt zj'^'^^-- Pilate uses the ex- pression "Irjffoug 6 Xeyo/isvo? Xpcffrog. That is not intended to mean * Jesus, who is supposed to be the Messiah,' but with the usual sense of this idiom, ' Jesus surnamed Christ.' " The same form is seen in Mt i^^, and in Zifxiov 6 Xeyoiievoq IHrpog 4^^ …
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of these we may leave for later reference. The last bears witness to the fact that Jesus was currently known by His contemporaries as " a Nazarene," that is to say, that His ordinary distinctive designation among the people in the midst of whom His ministry was passed would be, ' Jesus the Nazarene,' as the maid, indee…
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1* The contrast between the address of the other disciples, " Is it I, Lord ( xupie)?" (verse 22), and that of Judas, "Is it I, Rabbi?" is marked. It imports that Judas, though among our Lord's closest fol- lowers, was not of them: they recognize Him as their Lord, he only as his teacher. But it remains obscure why in …
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pressly Identified with 'the Son of Man' (13^^) the Inalienably divine function of Judge of the earth is assigned, and it is with this high connotation In His mind that He speaks of Himself as such, over against His " domestics," when He warns them not to expect better treatment at the hands of men than He has re- ceiv…
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[20].2i.2i.[22].23.23.[24].26^ cf. lO^^'^^). It csnnot be Said, of course, that this supreme authority is explicit in every case of the actual use of the term: in a number of instances the term may express no more than high respect and a general recognition of authority, and in several instances it is represented in pa…
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them all. And we shall be prepared by this observation to note that with Matthew as with Mark, the presentation of Him as the promised Mes- siah belongs among the primary ends of the evan- gelist, and that in the process of this presentation a considerable number of Messianic titles are ascribed to Him. Matthew bears w…
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are involved In it. The simplest of these is ' the The Simple Coming One,' based apparently on Messianic Mai 3^ or Ps 40''' or 1 1 8^'', and itself the Designations ^^sis of a Customary method of pregnant speech of the Messiah as " coming.'"^'' This designa- tion Is applied to Jesus in the question of the Baptist — " A…
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Son of God plications In the mind of the evangelist even when he applied to the persecuted Infant Jesus the prophetic summary of Israelitish history, " Out of Egypt did I call my Son" (2^^), although at first sight we might seem to be moving here in the atmos- phere of a merely official sonship.^* In every other instan…
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In both instances the intention is to go beyond the mere designation of our Lord as the Messiah, and to bring into relief the supernaturalness of His person. Even when the Jews railed at Him as He hung on the cross that He had proclaimed Himself ' the Son of God' (27^"'^^), the point of their scoff was that He had laid…
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the utterances in question (ii"^) is In some respects the most remarkable in the whole compass of the four Gospels. Even the Gospel of John contains nothing which penetrates more deeply into the essential rela- tion of the Son to the Father. Indeed, as Dr. Sanday suggests, " we might describe the teaching of the Fourth…
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self-designation of ' Son of Man,' — 'Son of Man' which in Matthew's representation, too, appears as the standing Messianic des- ignation which our Lord employs of Himself, occur- ring as such about thirty times. The Messianic character of this designation Is placed beyond all doubt 35 Cf. W. C. Allen on 3^''^ and J.…
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Clearly, according to Matthew's account of our Lord's declarations, the ' Son of Man ' has His period The High o^ humiliation on earth, living as other Meaning of men (ii^^), sowing the seed (13^^), 'Son of Man' having not where to lay His head (8-°) as He ministers to men (20^^), forgiving even blas- phemy against Hi…
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meditatingly noting the evidence of the presupposition of His heavenly origin and relations, of His pre- existence, of His more than human majesty, of His divine powers and functions. These things are so much a matter of course with Matthew that the at- tention of the reader is dra-wn insensibly off from them to profou…
740 wordsSECTION 42Participation that all authority was given to Him of Jesus in the in heaven and earth — that is, that uni- Name versal dominion was committed to Him
With God Father save the Son, and he to whom- soever the Son willeth to reveal Him. Come unto me, all ye that labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest." Thus our Lord solemnly presents Him- self to men as the exclusive source of all knowledge of God, and the exclusive channel of divine grace. No one can know…
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former passage, It might conceivably be possible to look upon the dominion here claimed and the con- junction here asserted of the Son with the Father in the future government of the Kingdom as having no root- ing in His essential nature but as constituting merely a reward consequent upon our Lord's work. In the presen…
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2 In 24^ the general transmission gives "the Lord Jesus": but this is one of the instances in which it is scarcely possible not to follow a few " Western " witnesses in omitting a very strongly attested reading. This combination of designations occurs also in the spurious ending of Mark (i6^^), but not elsewhere in the…
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'When Wellhausen on 5*'^ says " ' EiztffTdra (and xopte) is used in Luke by the disciples; diddaxaXe by others," he is thus substan- tially right. Cf. Plummer on 5^, where the meaning of the word is discussed. The Designations in Luke loi (ocxodeaTtoTi^i;) ^ although the term occurs In parables with reference to Him …
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lips of the disciples themselves in this designatory form at 24^*, and it occurs in two passages in the opening chapters of the Gospel — in the elevated language of the angelic announcement in the combination, ' Christ the Lord' or 'the anointed Lord' (2^^), and in the response of Elisabeth ( i^^) in which she expresse…
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The full height of this reverence may be suggested to us by certain passages in which the term ' Lord ' occurs in citations from the Old Testament, where its reference is to Jehovah, though in the citations It seems to be applied to Jesus. Like the other Synoptists, Luke cites, for instance, from Isaiah the promise of …
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Luke also records from the mouth of the angel announcing the birth of Jesus the new designation of * Saviour ' — if we can call a designa- ' Saviour' tion new which is so plainly adumbrated in a passage like Mt i^^ (cf. also Lk 1910)." But this is so little un-Messianic that it is not only connected with the Messianic …
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21 Hahn, " God's chosen and appointed Messiah " ; Meyer, " God's destined and sent Messiah " ; Weiss, " God's anointed and sent Messiah." no Tlie Designatwtis of Our Lord describing Him as ' the Son of the Most High God,* to whom should be given the throne of His father David, for an everlasting dominion (i^") ; and …
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of course dwelt upon in Luke as in the other Synoptics. But the precise term ' King ' is not of 'The King' frequent occurrence. His disciples as He entered Jerusalem on the ass's colt acclaimed Him as " the King that cometh in the name of the Lord" (19^^), and when the Pharisees appealed to Him to rebuke them therefor …
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-^ This language is borrowed from Holtzmann, Hand-Corn., p. 76: "The demon recognizes in Him the Holy One of God, i.e., Him whom God has separated out, equipped and dedicated to His service (cf. Jno 669 jo38 — the 'Elect One' of the Book of Enoch), whom the demoniacs (Mk 3^1) immediately recognize and fear as such: for…
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3<* Knowling, The Testimony of St. Paul to Christ, 1905, p. 314, thinks the epithet here means frankly " sinlessness " (cf. Plummer in loc). Perhaps, however, while this implication of "holiness" cannot be excluded, it is going too far to find it prominent here. 3^ Cf. Plummer in loc: "The reference is to the relation…
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Our Lord's own favorite designation of Himself is, however, In Luke as In the other Synoptists, ' the Son of Man ' ; and as in the other Synop- ' Son of Man ' ^^^^^ ^^^^ designation is in Luke exclu- sively a self-designation of Jesus' own. For obviously when the angel at the empty tomb is represented as saying, " Reme…
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it is In point of significance the day of judgment, when the destinies of men shall be finally assigned them by the ' Son of Man ' (21^^ 12^ 9^®) : destinies which shall be determined according to the attitude which each has occupied towards the ' Son of Man ' on earth (12^ 92^) . To all His enemies It is therefore a d…
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The general impression left on the mind by this series of designations is that Luke was less interested in the preexistence of our Lord than in His divine quality and the divine nature of His mission. To him Jesus was the authoritative Teacher, the God-appointed Messiah, the heaven-sent Redeemer from sin and di- vine F…
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Foundation "°^ ^^ much to the Messianic thought of Jesus' day as to the great variety of the modes of representation adopted in Old Testa- ment revelation to prepare the people of God for His future intervention for their redemption. The focus- ing of all these lines of prediction in Jesus, and their satisfaction in H…
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130 The Designations of Our Lord cause they were foolish and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets had spoken and their eyes were holden that they should not know Him as He walked with them in the way (Lk 24^*^'-^). So little were they left in ignorance of who It was to whom they listened J as their Teache…
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The note thus struck is sustained throughout the Gospel narrative. This Messiah who Jesus is. Is cer- tainly the Son of David, the King of Israel. But the Kingdom He has come to found is the kingdom of righteousness, not merely a righteous kingdom: It Is the Kingdom of Heaven, not a kingdom of the earth : the Kingdom o…
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1^ Cf. Bousset, Die Religion des Judentiims, etc., 248: "But here and there there springs up, now, in the Jewish Apocal3'ptics a new tran- scendental Messiah-conception, that fits into these transcendental sur- roundings. In the first line there comes here under consideration the Similitudes of Enoch, springing from th…
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1^ Cf. Stanton, Jeii-ish and Christian Messiah, 286-7 • " I "^^y remark that the idea of the preexistence of Christ as an angel, is irreconcilable with that of a true Incarnation. Those who have thought of Christ as essentially an angel have never in fact conceived, and could not con- ceive. His human life to be real. …
827 wordsSource & rights
Public-domain historical work by B. B. Warfield, 1851–1921. OCR from an original historical scan hosted by Internet Archive; OCR may contain recognition errors.
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Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.