2 In 24^ the general transmission gives "the Lord Jesus": but this is one of the instances in which it is scarcely possible not to follow a few " Western " witnesses in omitting a very strongly attested reading. This combination of designations occurs also in the spurious ending of Mark (i6^^), but not elsewhere in the Gospels. It becomes, however, quite frequent in Acts: i-i 4^3 yss 8^*^ iii7,20 ij26 j^si 1^5,13,17 2o2i.24,35 2ii3 2%^^. It might thus have very well been used by Luke in his Gospel also. It is common in the Epistles.
3 The text is not quite certain here, and there are three ways of ren- dering it: (i) "And he said to Jesus, Remember me"; (2) "And he said, Jesus, remember me"; (3) "And he said, Lord, remember me." The reading 'Jesus' seems the preferable one; but it is not altogether clear that anarthrous '/tj^tou here may not be the dative after sleysv. The uniqueness of the ascription of the simple * Jesus ' as a form of address, to a speaker in the evangelist's narrative, is, of course, favor- able to taking it as a dative. In that case xopie would be an instinc- tive correction of 'Ir^ffou mistaken for a vocative; as in the other case it would be an instinctive insertion of a vocative "because 'lyjcou here was mistaken for the dative" (Plummer).
The Designations in Luke 99
■ — whence it emerges that it was by this name that He was popularly identified.*
The ordinary forms of address applied to Jesus in Luke are the simple honorifics, ' Teacher,' * Master,' Ordinary ' Lord,' employed, however, with a cer- Forms of tain discrimination.^ The Aramaic Address form ' Rabbi ' does not occur in Luke at all. Its common Greek rendering, ' Teacher ' (^dwdaxah) , seems to be treated as the current non- committal honorific, especially appropriate on the lips of those who were not, or at least not yet, His dis- ciples (7^« 10-^ 11^5 J2l3 iglS 1939 2021.28,39. 8^9 988)^
The only exception to its employment by this rule is supplied by 21^, where we are told that certain of His disciples " asked Him saying, ' Teacher,' " etc. That it was not thought inappropriate as a form of ad- dress from His disciples to Him is also evinced, how- ever, by the report of His own employment of It on two occasions. He Instructs His followers, in prepar- ing the last passover meal for Him, to say to the good- man of the house, *' The Teacher saith unto thee, where Is the guest-chamber, where I shall eat the pass- over with my disciples" (22"); and He tells them, broadly Indeed, but no doubt with some, though cer- tainly remote, reference to Himself and them, that
*In 434 24^^, the form is 6 Na^aprjvog as it is in Mark: in ig^T 6 NaZapaio^ as in Mt, Jno and Acts. Cf. Plummer on 4'*.
^ There is a tendency, of course, to refer to Jesus where He was present in fact or thought by the simple demonstrative ouzo's (i^^ 328 ^35 2j4i [20^* 232.4,14,23]^ and this is sometimes contemptuous ([s^^] 739,49 152 ic,i4 [2414] 23[4.i4,22], 25,38 23I8). So in the other evan- gelists: Mt i^'' 8^7 1222 175 2iio.ii.[38] 2754, and contemptuously, 9^ 1224 [1354,55,56] 2661 [2737] 27*^ Mk 4*1 97 12^ 1539 and contemptu- ously, z' [62.2,3], On this depreciatory ouzois see Meyer on 739,49,
lOO The Designations of Our Lord
"the disciple is not above his teacher; but every one when he is perfected shall be as his teacher " ( 6'*°) . The choice of the term ' Teacher ' ( dcddaxaXo^ ) in these two passages appears to be due to the correlative "disciples" occurring in each; and it remains true that ' Teacher ' ( dcodaxah ) as a form of address is characteristic in Luke, of non-followers of our Lord.° The place of ' Teacher ' on the lips of His followers is partly taken by a new term for ' Master,' peculiar
to Luke ( iTicavdrrjz ) ^ which however 'Master' occurs only six times (5^ 8-^'^^ 9^^'^^
17^^), only one of which (17^^) forms an exception or quasi-exception to the rule that the term indicates that the user of it stands in the closest relation to Jesus, and acknowledges Him as his Su- perior Officer — Chief, Commander, Master, Leader. This quasi-exception occurs in the case of the ten lepers who, we are told, lifted up their voices and said, " Jesus, Leader, have mercy on us." Perhaps there is an intention to convey the impression that these lepers, formally at least, recognized the authority of Jesus completely. We cannot account 5^ another such exception, since the whole tone of the narrative indicates that this was not the first call of Peter to become Jesus' disciple (cf. Jno i^*-), but his call to become Jesus' constant companion. There is no such direct use of Jesus in Luke (or in Mk) as in Matthew of the figurative expression ' Master of the House '
^'Teacher' is in j}- employed as an address to John the Baptist; and the Jewish Rabbis in the temple are called ' Teachers ' in 2*®.