APOCRYPHA
APOCRYPHA
121
{Hmr. 7«, cf. Uctr. 86, de m^nM. 4). He thus provides for the practical reco^ition of all the A. except Mac and Pr. Man. There are still other booka, ajtoer^pha proper, some of which the Seventy traDslate, upoa which be does DOt wboUy shut the door (de rmru. 5. 10).
Alhanatn'uSt in his 30th Easter Letter (367 A.D.), carries throui^h more consistently the third solution. His 22 books Include Bar, Ep. Jer, 1 Es (?), Ad. Dn. Hut after XT he adds, * for (greater exactness,' that there are other books outside of these, not canonize<l. but stamped by the Fathers as books to be read by catechumens for their instruction. These are Wis, Sir, Est, Jth, To, Ai3. and Shepherd. They are called imyi- wmc*tfAAtett books to be read, i.e. uy catechumens.
The threefold division is followed by the list In the Chron. 0/ Sitxphnnig, which, after the 22 books of OT and the 28 of NT, ^vea 'disputed' books of OT, viz. 1-3 M:ic, Wis, Sir, Ps-Sol, Est, Jth. Sus, To. There follow the disputed books of NT (Apoc. of Jn and of P, Ep. Bar and Gospel of Hebrews), and, finally, the 'apocrj-pha' of OT and NT (above). Here the A. are books whose canonieity is in dispute, ifriXiyo- fMttt, The name and the estimate dilTer essentially from Athanasius, though both are copied in the Synopgi* q/{Pgeudo} Athanagiut.
In the • Lilt of 60," after the 60 can. books of OT and NT, follow, aa" outside of the 60,' Wis, Sir, 1-4 Mao, Est, Jth, To. After these come the ' apocrypha ' (above).
We find then in the lists of writers of the E. Church, from the 2n(i to the 6th or 7th cent., a practically unanimous adherence to the Heb. Canon of 22 books, and ettbrts to harmonise this with the Christian LXX by making the 22 as comprehensive of LXX additions as possible, and by assigning to other books of the A., so far as they were valued, a 8ei)arate place, usually after NT, but distinct from heretical, rejected books.
(c) Manuscripta. — It is a striking fact that no extant MS of the LXX represents even approxi- mately the Canon of CyrU or Athanasius. In no known Greek text do the A. stand by themselves. The codices a^ree with the usage, not with the theory, of the E. Church.
Of the 9 uncials in which a»J hookfl are found, the Vat. and the Alex, are given at the be^rinnin^ of this article. Next in importance (3) stands the Sin., which originally contained the whole Bible. Of OT the extant parta are ; (Fragments of Gn, Nu, 1 Ch, and Ezr), Neh, Est, To, Jth, 1 ilac, 4 Mac, Is, Jer, La (part), XII (except Hos, Am, Mic), Ps, Pr, Kc, Ca, Wit, Sir, Job. fy) Cod. Ephremi Syri (6th cent.), contains fragments of Job, Pr, Ec. Wit, Sir, Co. (ii) Cod. Venetus (8th or 9th cent.) contains Job (end), Pr, Ec, Ca, Wijt, Sir, XII, Is, Jer, Bar, La, Dn [Ad.], To. Jlh. 1-4 itae. (6) Cod. Basiliano-Vaticanus (nth cent.) contains second half of Pent., historical books, including 1 Et and Ad. E«t. (7) Cod- Marchalianus (6th or 7th cent.) contains the prophets in the onler of B (so Bar, Ep. Jer, Ad. Dn). (8) Con. Cryptoferratensis (7th or 8th cent.) contains the propheta. (0) Palimpsest fragments of H'm and Sir, of 6th or 7th cent. Swete does not cite 6 and 9, but adds cursive Cod. CThisianus ^9th cent. ?), which contains Jer, Bar, La, Ep. Jer X>n, according to the LXX [all other MSS havesubstituteflTheo- dotion's Dn), Hippolytus on Dn, Dn accnrdimj to Theod., Ezk, Is. Both text« of Dn contain the additions. It is noteworthy that several cursives of the poetical books give Ps-Sol in the order. Job, Pr, Ec, Ca, Wis, Ps-^OL., 5ir. (Swete, vol. iii. p. xvi. f.]
(rf) Versions. — The Oriental translations of OT were nearly all made from the LXX, and were inclined rather to enlarge than to reduce its Canon.
The old Syr. Pesliitta was an exception to this rule. Its OT was from the Heb., and so con- tained no A. It also lacked Ch. The influence of the LXX was, however, so great that the Pesh. was early revised in accordance with it, and the a*" books were incorporated with some further additions. The chief codex (Ambrosianus) contains Wis, En. Jer, 1 and2 Ep. liar, Jlh, Apoc. Bar. [here only], Apoc. of Ezra ( = 2 .£.?), l-iMnc. [5 Mac = Jos. BJ vi.]. In other MSS are found 1 Es, To, Pr. Man. A MS of the 6th cent, has a ' book of women,' viz. Ru, Est, Stis, Jth, Thecla.
Whully exceptional, on the other hand, was the critical view oi the Nostorian school at Nisibis, which put Sir in the class of fully cnn. books, and reganied as of intermediate authority, Ch, Job, Ezr, Neh, Jth, Est, 1 and 2 M'lc, \Vi.i, Ca.
Exceptional also is a Syr. MS at Cambridge, in which an attempt is made to arrange OT in chrono- logical order. This naUir.illy throws most of the A. at the end. W'ii is after .Solunion's books, li'ir and Ep. Jer after Jer. After the prophets, follow
Dn [and Bel], Ru, Sus, Est, Jth, Ezr-Neh, Sir, 1^ Mac, 1 Es, To.
The Ethiopia version not only adopted the LXX Canon without criticism, but added various books besides 4 Ezr, several of which survived in no other collection, e.g. Enoch, Jubilees, Ascension of la, etc.