AVITH
the children of thy people.' In mod. Ubnge 'a,' IB retained for the sense of just venjre.ince, while 'reveni;e' is used for the gratilication of resentment. This distinction does not obtain in AV, but RV has endeavoured to introduce it. Thus Jer 15" ' a. me of my persecutors ' (for AV * revenge me '), Nah 1' ' The Lord is a jealous God and a«" ( AV ' revengeth '), and 2 Co 10' ' being in readiness to a. all disobedience' (AV 'revenge'). Cf. also ' avenger ' for ' revenger ' in Nu So'"- ^- "• "•",2s 14", Uo 13*. and 'avenging' (subst.) for ' revenge,' 2 Co 7". Again, Lv 19" ' thou shalt not a.' (KV ' take vengeance ') ; in Ro 12" ' Avenge not yourselves, beloved,' is retained, because the ref. 18 to righteous vengeance. Avenger of blood. See GOEL. Avengement is found 2 S 22"", and avengements Ps IS"" for 'vengeance.' Cf. Edward Irving, liahylon, ii. 319, ' The Lord, in all His avengements, hath ... an eye ... to the reforma- tion of the wicked.' J. Hastinqs.
AYITH (r-u^), Gn 36».— A Moabite city. The rite is unknown.
AVOID. — This verb is used thirteen times in AV (counting Wis 16*- " one), yet it does not twice translate the same word. In 1 S 18" there is an instance of the intrans. use, ' David a*"* out of his presence twice.' Cf. North, Plutarch, ' tliey made proclamation . . . that all the Volsces should avoid out of Rome before sunset.' In this sense 'avoid' is most frequently used in the imperative. Thus Coverdale's tr. of Mt 16^ is ' Auoyde fro me, Sathan.' Cf. Shaks. Comedy of Errors, IV. iii. 48 — * Satan, avoid I 1 charge thee, tempt me not t '
J. Hastings. AVOUCH.— Dt 26"- " only, ' Thou hast a*" the Lord this day to be thy God . . . and the Lord bath a"' thee this day to be his peculiar people.' Advocare became in French first avouer, whence Eng. ' avow,' and then avochier, whence ' avouch,' the latter with a more technical meaning, ' to call on one in law as defender, guarantor,' etc. In AV avouch is scarcely to be distingui.slied from the use of ' avow ' with a person as obj. ' to acknowledge, declare to be one's own.' J. HASTINGS.
AYYA, AVYIM, AYYITES (nijcn, o! Ei/aro.).— The spelling Avim, Avites is incorrect. 1. A people which lived in villages near Gaza, and was super- seded by the Ca|)htorite Philistines (Dt 2^). In the Sept. their name is confounded with that of the Hivvites, and some scholars have regarded them as a branch of the Hivvites. That they were not so, but wore of the giant peoples of Pal., is rendered probable by two considerations: (1) they are spoKen of in Dt 2 precisely as are the other giant ])eople8, except that they are not ex- pressly said to be rcpluiim ; (2) the name is uniformly used in the jilural ('the Avvim,' that is, the Avvites, not the Avvite), a usage by which the Philistines as a whole, and the several giant peoples, are distinguished from the Can. peoples. That they once had possessions in the mount.ain country, as well as near Gaza, may be probably inferred from the fact that one of the towns of lienjaniin was called 'the Avvim' (Jos IS^"). The statement that the Cai>litorim destroyed them does not neces-sarily imj)ly that they were then exter- minated ; and we lind them mentioned among the peoples that Joshua failed to conquer, along with the Philistines but not of them, the Avvites going along with the Gazite, the Gittite, the Ekronite, etc. (Jos 13'). Presumably, the.se Avvim are to be identified with the Anakim who were left over in Gaza, Gath, and ."Vslukxl (Jo., II--), and were the ancestors of the gianU of David's time. See Giant, liKPiiAiM.
AX, aXE
205
2. People from Avva (cf. hT-ah, 2 K 18" 19", Is 37"), whom the kin<; of Assyria settled in N. Israel after the capture of Samaria, and who set up idol- atrous worship there (2 K H**-")-
W. J. Beecher.
AYYIM (o>'a), Jos 18".— A town of Benjamin, unknown. See preceding art.
AWAIT.— Only Ac 9" * their laying await (Gr. i) ^iri/SouXJ) airuv, KV ' their plot ') was known of Saul.' Await is often read as if it were an adv.; it is, however, a subst. Tindale has simply ' There awjij-te wer knowen of Saul.' Blount, Law Diet. (16'J1), says, 'Await seems to signify what we now call waylaying or lying in wait, to execute some mischief.' J. HASTINGS.
AWAY WITH.— 1. Is 1" • the calling of assem- blies, I cannot away with.' Although with the force of a verb, it is really an adv. with the verb elided, get away with, i.e. get on with, tolerate. Cf. More, Utopia, p. 165 (Arber ed.), 'He could not away with the fashions of his country folk'; and Sanderson, Serm. (1621), 'He being the Father of lyes . . . cannot away with the Truth.' The Heb. has a still greater ellipsis than the Eng., being simply ^:in-.sS / cannot. Such verbs, how- ever, as 'yj; to be able, |x? to refuse, are really trans. in Heb. See Davidson, Si/ntax, p. 129. 2. Other elliptical expressions, as fix 19'^ ' Away, get thee Uown ' (RV ' Go, get thee down '), Ac '22" ' Away with such a fellow from the earth,' are easily ex- plained and still in use. 3. ' Make him away ' in 1 Mac 16'^ = ' make away with him' (KV 'destroy him'; cf. Wis 12* AV 'to destroy them at once,' RV ' to make away with them at once'). J. Hastings.