A. S. Peake.
BAAL-PERAZIM (o-rcn? Sys), 2 S 5™, 1 Ch 14". It was near Jerusalem, but the situation is un- certain. See Driver on 2 S 5-'.
BAALSAMUS (BadXira/ios, AV Balasamus), 1 Es 9* ; in Neh 8', Maaseiah.
BAAL-SHALISHAH (v^y Sy;), 2 K 4". Com- pare Slialisha. The 8ituati(m is uncertain, but it seems to have been in Mount Ephraim. The village Kefr Thilth preserves the name of Shal- isha. See SWP vol. ii. sheet xiv.
C. R. CONDER.
BAAL-TAMAR (-«?i? ^ys 'Baal of the palm'), .fg 2i^". — It was near Bethel and Giboah, — perhaps connected with the palm of Deborah (.Ig 4°), which was between Bethel and Ilamah, — a jiosition which might suit the notice of Baal-tamar, whence Gibuah was attacked. C. R. CONDER.
BAALZEBUB (aiaj Sys, BciaX /»uTai., 2 K l"- •• « '«). — A Baal of flies, worshipped in Ekron, and consulted by Ahaziah, the son of Ahab and king of Israel. Why he was called Baal of Hies is not clear. ProlLiably he was regarded as the lord of flies, and worshiiiped by tho.so who did not wish to be troubled by tiiem. If Baal were the sun, the name would probably be connected with the fact that the heat of the summer sun calls out the tlius in such numbers that in hot countries they become a plague. But this is ]irobably not so (see Baal). We see from the narrative in Kings that he was specially famous as a giver of oracles. Probably the busy flies, who swarm everywhere, were regartled as his messengers. In NT (Mt W 12'"- ", Mk 3-^ Lk ll"- "• '") the name is changed to Beelzebul ( Hff XCff-JoeX, WH Bffi-c^oeX, AV and ItV Beelzebub, llVm Beelzebul ; cf. Beliar for Belial), and has become a name for the prince of the devils.
A. S. I'EAKK.
BAAL-ZEPHON (jb^ ^yj) is mentioned Ex 14»»,
212
BAANA
BABEL, CITY AND TOWER OF
Nu 33' only, as one of three places near ' the sea' crossed by the Israelites. It was the seat of some form of Baal-worship, the character of which, as indicated by Zephon, is uncertain. Gesenius(rAe«. p. 2"25b) translates B-Z. by locals Typhonis vel fijphoni sacer, and others are disposed to regard Typhon as a variant of Zephon. But Typhon seems to be pure Greek, with a suitable Or. deri- vation, and no good reason has been adduced for attributing an Egj'pt. origin to the word. Typhon was called by various names, the most common bein" Set. Set appears to have been regarded as a god of foreigners, and was combined, or perhaps confused, with Baal. Other explanations of Zephon are, (1) the north, or the north wind, making it equivalent to ['isy ; (2) a watch-tower, from the root "lEs. The word pss occurs as a proper name Nu 26", and in the parallel passage (On 46") |vev occurs, which seems to be derived from nss.
The situation is as uncertain as the etymology. It has been placed on the N. shore of Egypt by Brugsch, who identifies it with Mt. Casius ; about the middle of the present Isthmus, on some hill like Shekh Ennedek (Naville) ; at Jebel "Atakah, or a spot on the E. side of the modern canal nearly opposite fort Ajrud. The conjecture of Ebers (Durch Gosen zum Sinai, p. 570) that Phoenician sailors propitiated the god of the north wind when starting southwards on a voyage down the Gulf of Suez is a plausible one. The much quoted tract of Plutarch, de /side et Osiride, may be referred to for further information about Typhon ; and in Bau- meister, Denkmaler des class. Alter, p. 2133b, there is a picture, Egyptian in style (No. 2393).
A. T. Chapman.
BAANA (K;y_^3, possibly for ny^]^ 'son of dis- tress'? ; but this and similar contractions are highly uncertain).—!. (I K 4';) and 2. (1 K 4'") Two of Solomon's twelve commissariat officers. 3. (Neh 3^) Father of Zadok, one of the builders of Jerusalem under Nehemiah. 4. (1 Es 5* Baaud A B) One of the leaders of the people who returned from the Capti- vity with Zerubbabel. Possibly the same as (3) and Baanah (3). C. F. BURNEY.
BAANAH (.i;y^3). — 1. Son of Rimmon, a Benjamite from Beeroth, who, with his brother Rechab, mur- dered Ishbosheth and brought his head to David at Hebron. They were slain at David's command, and their hands and feet hung up over the pool in Hebron (2 S 4i'-"). Possibly the brothers had fled from Beeroth, a Gibeonito city, when Saul slew the Gibeonites (2 S 21'). 2. A Netopbathite, father of Heled(Heleb),2S23=«, 1 Ch ll*". 3. One of those who returned from the Exile with Zerubbabel (Ezr 2», Neh 7', and probably lO-''). See also BaaNA ( = •i;i,3). J. F. Stenmng.
BAANI (A Boa^i, B -vel, AV Maani from the Aldine text), 1 Es 9»* = Bani, Ezr 10".
BAARA (K-!s;3).— Wife of a Benjamite (1 Ch 8»).
BAASEIAH (n:i?j;3 probably by error for 'sp, Mootroi, B).— A Koliathite (1 Ch 0").
BAASHA (Kyi'3), son of Ahijah, of the tribe of Issachar. He seems to have been of lowly origin, as the prophet Jehu describes him as having been exalted out of the dust' (1 K 1«=). When Nadab, eon of Jeroboam I., was besieging the Philistine town of Gibbethon, Baasha conspired against him and slew him. He also exterminated all the seed of Jeroboam, thus fullilling the sentence pronounced by Ahijah the Sliilonite. Ascending the throne of the ten northern tribes about B.C. 914, he reigned for twenty four years. His reign was that of a restless and warlike adventurer. He carried on a