the LXX (v.S rm K<rtTefi/Ttt,^, v.IO tit rrf ir»Teu.<rnf, v. 38 tlf i,'i»i>) seems to have rendered freely, treating the word in v. 8 as meaning ihe out sent awai/ (see Field, Utxapla, Auctarium, p. 60), and in v.i0-2fi a-s meaning dimnUsal ; the latter rendorinn has also been adopted by some moderns. But these expl.iiia- tions are equally open to philological or other objections, which place them out of the question. All the principal modern authorities agree in explaining 'Azazel as a personal name. Srapr-fioat Is, however, a felicitous expression ; it has he<-onie clo-ssicjil in English; and there is no reason why it should nut be retained as a term descriptive of the goat sent into the wilderness, proWded it be clearly understood that it is In no way ft rendering of the Heb. 7TKtv.
the repeated investigations of the Survey partiei failed to establish its existence. C. R. Condbb.
AZEL (Ss¥ perh. 'noble'). — 1. A descendant ol Jonathan (1 Ch 8»'*'«=9*'*"). See Genealooy.
2. (AV Azal) The name of an unidentified site in the neighbourhood of Jerus. (Zee 14'), possibly the same as Betb-ezel of Mic 1". J. A. Selbib.
AZETAS ('AftjTis), 1 Es 5".— The head of a family which returned with Zerubbabel. There is no corresponding name in the lists of Ezr and Neh.
H. St. J. TUACKBRAY.
AZGAD.— See Astad.
AZIEI. — One of the ancestors of Ezra (2 Es !•), called Azariah, Ezr T, and Ozias (AY Ezias), 1 Es 8».
AZIEL (Skcii;, B 'OftiiJX, A -«-).— A Levite skilled in the use of the psaltery (1 Ch IS**). A shortened form of Jaaziel ("^S'la;), as he is called 1 Ch IS"*. H. St. J. Thackbray.
AZIZA (Ki'is;, cf. Palmyr. iriy). — One of the Jews who had taken strange wives (Ezr 10"). Called Zardeus (wh. see) 1 Es 9^. H. A. White.
AZM AVETH (hipiy).— 1. A descendant of Saul (1 Ch S*"). 2. One of David's mighty men (2 S 23'', 1 Ch ll"), prob. identical with A. of 1 Ch 12», whose sons joined David at Ziklag, and A. of 1 Cb 27^, who was ' over the king's treasuries.'
T A Sklrti''
AZMAYETH (niaiy, given in 2 S '23^', 1 Ch 8", as a personal name), 1 Ch 12^ Ez 2^, Neh T^.—A town of Benjamin, the same as Beth-azmaveth in the last-cited passage, inhabited by the Jews after the Captivity. Now Hizmeh, a small place on the hills S.E. of Gibeah. See SIVP vol. iii. sheet xvii.
C. R. CONDER.
AZMON (jtoiy), Nu 34*. Jos 15^ Ezem, Jos IS*" 19'. — A place on the border of Judah, some- where south of Beersheba, afterwards given to Simeon. The site is unknown.
AZNOTH-TABOR (^^3l|l nVj|(< ' the ears of Tabor ') Jos 19**. — This marked the S.W. comer of the lot of Naphtali. The lower slopes of Mt. Tabor.
AZOR ("Afiip).— An ancestor of Jesus (Mt 1"-"). See Genealogy.
AZOTDS ('Aft-rroi).— 1. Ashdod (wh. see), Jth 2=*, 1 Mac4"5®' l0"-™-8».M n* 14" le'" Ac 8*. 2. The hill on which Ashdod stands (1 Mac 9").
C. R. CONDER.
AZRIEL (Sk-iis 'help of God').— 1. The head of a 'father's house' in the half tribe of Mana.sseli E. of Jordan (1 Ch 5"). 2. A man of Naiihtali (1 Ch 27'*). 3. The father of Seraiah (Jer 36").
AZRIKAM (Djjnis).— 1. A son of Neariah (1 Ch 3=»). 2. A descendant of Jonathan (1 Ch S" 9").
3. A Levite (1 Ch 9", Neh 11"). 1. The 'ruler of the house' under Abaz, slain by Zichri the Ephraimite (2 Ch 28').
AZOBAH (n:)iB,).— 1. Wife of Caleb (1 Ch 2""). 2. Mother of Jehoshaphat (1 K 22*^ = 2 Ch 20=").
AZZAN (I)B).— Father of Paltiel (Nu 34*").
AZZDR (T»y 'helper').—!. One of those -wlm sealed the covenant (Neh 10"). 2. Father ol Hananiah the false prophet (Jer 28'). 3. FathiT of Jaazaniah, one of the princes of the people (Ezli 11'). Nos. 2 and 3 are spelt in AV Azur.
J. A. Selbix.
B
B. — This letter is used in critical notes in the OT and NT (except in Kev) to denote the readings of ' the Vatican MS' (Codex Vaticanua 1209). It ia a quarto volume, consisting at present of 759 leaves of fine vellum, written (except the poetical books of OT) in three columns to a page. It has lost 31 leaves at the beginning (Gn 1-46^), part of a leaf at f. 178 (2 K 2»-' "i^), 10 leaves after f. 348 (Ps 105"-13T'') [Eng. 106. 138]. The NT begins on f. 618, and breaks oft at f. 759 in the middle of He 9". The liooks are arranged in the following order : Gn to2Ch, Eb 1 and 2, Ps, Pr, Ee, Ca, Job,Wi8,Sir, Est, Jth.To, 12 Proph, Is, Jer, Bar, La, Ep. Jer, Ezk, Dn (Theodotion's version). Gospels, Ac, Cath. Epp., Ro,
1 and 2 Co, Gal, Eph, Ph, Col, 1 and 2 Th, He. The codex never contained the Prayer of Manasses or the Books of the Maccabees. Tlie loss of leaves at the end makes it impossible to speak definitely of the contents of its NT canon. Of the books now recoipised it lacks 1 and 2 Ti, Tit, Pliilem, Kev. The missmg chapters in He and the Rev were added in 15th cent., perhaps, asTregelles conjectures, in pre- paration for its presentation to the Library. This part of the MS is (juoted as ' 263 ' (Greg. ' 293') in He, aa ' 91 ' in Rev. The orig. MS was written at some time in 4th cent., and is the work, according to Tischendorf (the Roman editors reserve their judg- ment), of three scribes, one of whom, the scribe who wrote NT, is identified (also by Tischendorf) with the scribe who wrote part of OT and a few leaves of NT in N (which see). On this identification it seems impossible as yet to pronounce a final verdict. Annitage Robinson, however, has pointed out that there is other evidence to show that the two great Bibles once stood side by side in the same library {Eul/uUiana, p. 37). This evidence is supplied by the presence in the margin both of X and B (in each, apparently, as the result of an early insertion) of a remarkable system of chapter-numbering in the Acts, derived ultimately from the work of Eu- thalius, and found besicfes in two important MSS of the Latin Vulg. {am and /u).