CHEEK, CHEEK-BONE (-n^, Arab, lahi, 'jaw-
• The namo Ku-tiur-la-ukh-fju-mar hu now bopn rewl hy P. Bcheil on a tablet of Khnramiiralii (see liev. Bib. Internal. ISiMJ, p. (300, and liev. dt Thiol. 1897, p. 83 IT.).
bone'; liliyah, 'beard'; aia.'/wv). — 1. The cheek, with fts ruddy token of health, is a feature of beauty (1 S W', Ca 1'" 5"). In the Lebanon vine- yards a species of tinted grape is called ' maidens' cheeks. ' On the other hand, as of something that ought not to be, it is said of Jerusalem in her desolation, 'her tears are on her cheeks' (La P).
2. It is connected with manliness and pride. To be smitten on the cheek, as described in 1 K 22'-'*, 2 Ch IS-^", Job IB" Ps 3', Is 50«, meant the greatest possible aflront, and implied that there was no iiirlher power to resist. This gives emphasis to Mt 5^^, Lk &'-\ where the want is not of power, but of will, to resist. G. M. Mackik.
CHEEK TEETH.— Jl 1» 'he hath the cheek teeth of a great lion' (niy^pD, IIV 'jaw teeth,' as in Hr HO" ' tlieir jaw teeth as knives' AV, RV ; but in Job 29" [all] 'jaws,' RVm ''Teat teeth'). Cheek teeth =molar teeth, is found in Caxton, Citron. Enq. (1480), ' Al that ever were borne after that pestilence hadden ij chekteth in hir hede lesse tlian they had afore. J. Hastings.
CHEER.— The ' cheer' isorig. the/a(,'c(Fr. cMre, late Lat. cara), as Caxton, Golden Leaend, ' In the swete of thy chere thou shall ete breJe.' Then the expression of the face ; and so, any state of mind, or mood, as Shaks., Sonnets, xcvii. 13, 'so dull a cheer' ; but generally with adj. ' good.' So always in AV (except 1 Es 9°* 'Then went they their way to make great c.'), as in the phrase ' Be of good cheer,' Mt 9- H", Mk e"", Jn 16^", Ac 23" (all dapaiui) ; Ac 27~ '■"• ^ (eli0vii4a or eBOvtios) ; and in RV Job 9-"' (nj''??><, AV ' comfort myself,' RVm ' brighten up'). Finally, the word came to signify ' good spirits,' whence the verb ' to cheer,' Jg 9'% or ' cheer up,' Dt 24» (RV ' cheer').
J. Hastings. CHEESE.— See Food.
CHELAL (Si>-i ' perfection ').— One who had married a foreign wife (Ezr 10*").
CHELLIAN8.— Probably the inhabitants of the town Chkllus (which see). Cf. Jth 1" '2^.
CHELLUS (XfXoiJs or Xe<rXoi/i).— From the text (Jth 1") this place is supposed to have been situated S.W. of JeruB. near Bctane, and N. of Kade.sh and the river (var. ' torrent') of Egypt, identiiied with the Wady el-'Ari.sh. Keland thinks it may be I.Ialu?ah (n>-;Sn), the site well known to the Gr. and Rom. geographers under the altered form of Elu.sa, situated near the source of the Wady es- Sani stream. The mention of a land of the Chel- liaus by the wilderness, to the south of which were the children of Ishmael (Jth '2^), is looked upon as supjiorting this view of the position of C. Doubt must, however, be regarded as accompany- ing the identilication of C. with yalu?ah or Elusa if the Syr. transcription Kalna (with K for Ch) be correct. C. is also regarded as a mistake for Chelul = Halhul, Job 15". L A. Pinches.
CHELOD (B X(\to6\, m XeaXatovSd, A XeXeoiTJ, Old Lat. Clicncnth, Vulg. omits, Syr. Chalda'ans).-— Jth l"*" reads, not as AV and RV ' many nations of the sons of Chelod a.ssembled themselves to battle,' but ' there came together many nations unto the array (or ranks) of the sons of Chcleul ' ; less naturally 'to battle with (against) the sons of Ch.' (elt irapiraiip vluf X. ). Svriao ' to fight against the Chaldajans,' is improljable. It is not certain whether the ' many -a'.ions' are allies of Nebuch- ailrezzar or ol *:,.iia.im), nor whether they come to help or to light tne loms of Ch.' Probably v." summarises v.~; hence '6on8 of Ch.'
should be
376
CHELUB
CHERETHITES AND PELETHITE8
Nebuchadrezzar's army. But he is, in Jth, king of Assyrians, not Chalilajans. No probable conjecture as to Aram, original has been made.
F. C. Porter. CHELUB (aiVs).— 1. A descendant of Judah (1 Ch 4"). 2. Tlie fatlier of Ezri, one of David's super- intendents (1 Ch 27^). See Genealogy.
CHELUBAI (•?!'?;), 1 Ch 2», another form of Caleb. Of. 1 Ch 2"*- *>, and see Caleb.
CHELOHI (•m'73 Kethibh, smV? Kerg, Cheluhu RVm, Chelluh AV).— One of the Ueni-Bani who had married a foreign wife (Ezr 10").
CHEMARIM.— In EV this word is found only in Zeph 1* ; but the original c-i-s, of which it is the transliteration, is used also at 2 K 23° and Hos 10°, and in both instances ChSmAnm is placed in the margin of AV and RV ' idolatrous priests,' and 'priests' holding the post of honour in the text. It is a little curious that at Zeph \*, the one case where our versions have it, it is probably an inter- polation : the LXX omits it, and the parallelism is spoilt by its presence. Wellhausen wished to assert its claim to a place in Hos 4', but other critics have rightly denied this. Chumer, of which Chim&rim is the plural, is of Aram, origin,* and when used in Syr. carries no unfavourable con- notation. In the Peshitta Version of the OT it is employed at Jg 17^' '^ of Miuah's idolatrous priests, but at Is 61" of the true priests promised to the restored Israel. In the Pesh. Vers, of the NT, Ac 19^ has it as the rendering of vcaicdpo!, thus reminding us of the Latin wditui { = tem\i\e- attendants) of Hos 10°, Zeph 1^ ; and the Epistle to the Hebrews, passim, employs it of the Leiitical priests and of our Lord (2" 3' 4"- " 5'- '", and many other places). In the Heb. of the OT, however, CKimArim always has a bad sense : it is applied to the priests who conducted the worship of the calves (2 K 23°, Hos 10°), and to those who served the Baalim (Zeph 1''). Kimchi believed the original signilicance of the verbal form was ' to be black,' and explained the use of the noun by the assertion that the idolatrous priests wore black garments. Amongst recent lexicographers Brockelniann ac- cei>ts this derivation. Others take the root to mean, ' to be sad,' tlie chumrd being a sad, ascetic person, a monk or priest. The two ideas run into each other, as is well exemplilied at Ezk 31'°, where Pesh. has rhcinird, LXX iaKbraaev, Vulg. contristatus est, EV caused to mourn.