CORNER See Agriculture.
CORNER-STONE (in Job 38« njj jsk, XWos yuK/iiun, in Jer 51 (Gr. 28)^ .1)?^ [;n, Xi^oj (h yuHav).—T:ht corner - stones of important buildings, such as palaces or temples, were sometimes of an exceed- mgly ornate and costly description, and of extra- ordinary dimensions. With the view of giving greater strength to the two walls which they connected, they were generally arranged length- ways and endways alternately, or a single angular stone might be inserted at the corner (Layard, A'»n. u. 254).
There are two passages in the OT where comer- stones are spoken of, which are of primary import- ance because of the use made of them in the NT. These are Is 28'' 'Behold I lay in Zion,' etc., and Ps 118^ 'The stone which the builders rejected,' etc. The first is quoted in 1 P 2" and underlies Eph 2'*, in both of which \Woi aKpoyuvidto^ repre- sents nj5 i^x of Is 28". (On the unusual construc- tion of the latter verse see Davidson's Ileb. Syntax, p. 37.) The second is quoted in Mt 21-", Mk 12'», Lk 20", Ac 4", and 1 P 2'. Here instead of nis ijK we find ajs Ptin, answering to Ke^paXij yuvlas, • head of the comer.' In Ps 144'' a diil'erent word
occurs, nil.) (Syr. lAuOJ ), which in Zee 9^' ia
X
applied to the comers of the altar. It is doubtful whether in the above psalm comer-.s<6i7!e« (accepted by both AV and RV) is the correct rendering. The Sept. has simply KeKaWwinafjUyat, Aq. uii iirtyutvia, Symm. tis ywyiat KeKoa^Tifji^vai, Vulg. qu(csi anguli, liesenius understands the word of ' corner-co/umTW beautifully carved,' or of Caryatides. Kautzsch, who in all the other OT passages offers the rendering Eckstein, has here Ecksaulen. In all the NT passages Weizsacker gives Eckstein, rightly treating 'corner-stone' and 'head of the corner ' as synonymous expressions.
As to Is 28", Driver (Isaiah', p. 52) finds in the prophet's language an allusion to the huge and costly foundation stones of the temjde (1 K 5"), the i)rominent thought of the passage being that of the permanent element in Zion (the theocracy or the Davidic dynasty). It is easy to understand St. Peter's application of the words. (Cf. Delitzsch, Isaiah, new ed. vol. ii. p. 9.) Similarly, the expres- sions used of Israel in Ps 118^ were readily trans- ferred to Christ. The figure of Eph '2-" is well explained by Grimm {Clavis, s. iKpoyumaTos). As the corner-stone is inserted at the angle of a building, holding two walls together aHd support- ing the superstructure, so Christ unites Jew and Gentile, and is the support of the Church. The additional thought of 1 P 2* can be without violence derived from the same figure. As one recklessly turning the corner of a building may stumble over the corner-stone, so, while some find in Christ their supjiort, others stumble at Hira and perish. (Cf. Allord and Ellicott on Eph 2™.) For various superstitions and religious rites connected with the cornerstone, comp. Trumbull, Threshold Covenant, 22, 61, 55, and see Foundation.
J. A. Seldie.
CORNET.— See MusiC.
CORONATION.— Only 2 Mac 4" 'the coronation of king Ptolemeus I'hilometor,' AVm 'entlironizing' (Rawlinson in Speaker's Com. ' inthrouization ), RV ' enthronement.'
The Greek r» rp^rrutXinx In found only here, and itJi meaning is duutilful It hoM been iduntiflcd, as by Bi»icll in loc., with ii wtnTOMXtft^, the 'chief seat' (AV 'hiifhunt room*) at a feast, whiih occura Ml 2,1«, Mk 12*. Lk 20*', iinil I.k W", elsewhere oiilv in occles. wrilem. But cod. A (foW hy .Swete) haa wpmro- lUr.ffirt. in our paaaaKe, *a first assembly,' wlien^-e Luther's fr$tfn Ueichttag. ,]. HASTINGS.
CORPSE, from Lat. corpus, is in earliest Eng. a
500 CORRECT, CORRECTION
COS
body, living * or dead, and is so found as late as 1707. Hence 'dead corpses,' 2 K 193» = Is 37^, as in Fuller, Holy War, iv. 27, 'the cruditie of a dead corpse.' RV retains ' dead corpses' because of the Heb. (O'TO onj?) of which it is a literal translation. J. Hastings.
CORRECT, CORRECTION Both vb. and subst.
are used in the (nearly) obsol. sense of chastise- ment, and it is doubtful if in any other. Thus Jer 10^ ' O Lord, correct me, but with jud<rment ; not in thine anger, lest thou bring me to nothing ' ; and Sir IG"" ' As his mercy is great, so is his cor- rection also ' (Aeyxos)- In Job 37" the Heb. is 'a rod ' (Bag*) as it is tr"* in 21'. The Heb., however, is generally ipiD mUsAr (or vb. ip;), a word very characteristic of Pr, in AV most freq. tr'' ' instruc- tion,' but KV prefers 'correction, though not consistently. In He 12' iratJewijs is tr^ by a verb, AV ' which corrected us,' RV ' to chasten us ' (as the vb. -raticiu is tr* in v.") ; but the same word is rendered in Ro 2*" AV ' an instructor,' RV ' a corrector.' In 2 Ti 3" Scripture is said to be pro- fitable for 'correction.' The Eng. word prob. means ' chastening ' (if not ' chastisement,' Wyclif has ' to chastise '), and this is prob. the meaning of the Gr. ivavbpBwats, which occurs only here in NT, though in the classics it ia common for ' amend- ment.' J. Hastings.