LiTEBATURE. — For the analysis of Samuel $eo csp. Wellhauseu, O>inr/otiition (IS**!*), pn. 24^^"iG6; Kuenon, Ondetvo^k (1681),^, 3m; If., or Hill. Krit. EiuUituin) (IS'IO). >• »■ 37-IV2. 72 ; lilldde, Jtivhtfr and SiiriiufI (l-iili). pp. ■JIO-iTli. For the text. Driver, Uth. TtJ-taf Sum. (151)11) ; Wellhauseu, '/'eJ't d. Buchtr Sum. (l-^il). For the criticistu of t'hroniele.-*, ib. Profeffomena, Kn^. tr. (H-i.'!). p. ITlff. See, further, W. K. Siuith, ' UavM,' iu /i)tri/rl, Itrit.^; Dillmann in Schenkel's Bihel-L^xieon ; Kamp* hiiu.'en, ■ Phillster uml Hebraer,' ZA TW, Issi;, pp. +(-97 ; Kwald, JltHlori/. Eng.tr. 111. .'4-2lBi ; Stadc, tfe«cAic■A^ (l»~i»). 1.224-299; Klllel. IHhI. of the Ifeljreirn, Kng. tr. (Is9i;), ii. 35-49, 119-1S2 ; Cheyne, Dtcout Study of Criticium (1S92).
H. A. WiriTE.
DAY (:■■, rinfpa). — In Hebrew the word 'day' is fn-i|iiiiitly ased in phrases such as ' day of distress,' 'of evil,' 'of calamity,' ' of ileath ' (cf. ' day of salvation,' Is 40"), ■which for the most part exjilain themselves. It is also iLsed more widely of time in general, esp. when some event is described vividly as that of a single day, e.g. Dt 16', .Jg 18''\ Mai '.i- (-'''3 with infin. or perf., but not "'P'.f ='''?, which refers to .some particular day, 2 S lO'' (-oiieb.), Est 0'). With a personal genitive we find the singular used to express ( 1 ) the birthday, or festal dav, .lob .'!', IIos "^ ; and (2) the time of calamity or'death, Jer 50^', Ezk 2r-'', 1 S 20", Ps ;i7'\ Job 18-". The plural 'days,' according to a very com- mon usage, denotes the lifetime, reign, or period of activity of any one, Gn 20', .Jg 5", 1 K 10'-', Is 1^ etc. Hence the repeated '^''-",1 ''i!?''. of K and Ch = Annals. With a local proper name the 'd.ay' implies some notable battle, a signal judg- ment or tli.saster, e.ij. Is 9' the day of the defeat of Midian ; Ps l.'i7" the day of the fall of Jerus. ; Ezk ;iU' the day of Egj'pt ; IIos H' the day of Jezreel. With the i)ropliets 'In that day' is a common formula in describing what is to come at some future period of blessing or retribution. Is 2", Jer -J'', Am 2'" etc. etc. Cf. also the phrases ' Lo, days are coming' (esp. in Jer and Am), and 'in the Latter end of the days' {-'T,"^ ^"^'^.V}), i.e. at the end of the period to which the prophet's vision extends, e./j. Gn 4'J' (the time of the settlement in Caanan), I)t 4" (Israel's repentance in exile), IIos ;J^ Mic 4' (the Messianic i)eriod).
\Liny of these ex|)re.ssion» hiive passed into the language of NT, e.g. ' in the days of Herod,' Mt 2', 1X\'>; 'inthese(t'hose)ilays,' Lkl3i'2i, Ac.}-' ; 'in the last days,' 2 Ti :5', Ja o^ ; .also ' my day,' the day when Christ appeared among men, Jn 8*' ; ' the day of salvation,' the time during' which salvation is offered to mankind, 2 Co 0- ; 'the evil day' of trial and temptation, I'-jdi ti" ; ' in that il.ay,' e.g. when Christ reveals Himself more fully to His di.sciples, Jn 14-" 10-3- ■-'. In particular, the hast flay of the piv.sent dispensation, when Christ shall return to earth for the final judgment, is described in various phrases :
'the day,' He 10-" ; 'that day," Mt 7--, 2 Th 1"; ' the last day,' Jn &" 1 !-< ; ' the dav of judument,' Mt ll-^, 1 Jn 4'"; 'the dav of Chri.st,' Ph 1'°; ' the day of the Lord,' 2 Th 2-, cf. Lk 17^', Ro 2"^, 2 Co 1", Uev 0'" etc. ; ' the day of (Jod,' 2 P 31=.
I'rob. it is with allusion to the ' day of the Lord ' or ' the day of jtulgment ' that St. Paul uses the phrase ' of man's day ' {utrb dvffpuirivijs riiifpas) to denote mere human judgment (1 Co 4^).
The contrast between day and night gives rise to certain metaphorical expressions. Thus ' day ' is the period of life during which there is oppor- tunity for working (Jn ',H, cf. H'-*). Christians are said to belong to the day, since they should abstain from evil deeds, which are usually done under the cover of darkness, 1 Th 6=-*, cf. Ho 13'^. On the other hand, this life, with its ignorance, trials, and <iifficulties, is contrasted with the future day of fuller knowledge (2 P 1'*) and of completed salva- tion (Ro 13''^). See also Tl.MK; for the Creative ' Day ' see Cos.MOGONY ; and for Day of the Lord
see ESCH.\TOLOGT OF THE OLD TESTAMENT.
II. A. White. DAY OF ATONEMENT.— See ATONEMENT, Day
DAY'S JOURNEY (Gn 30'" =" 1?"', Jon ?.* c>' n':::, Lk 2" Tjfiepai 65os). — When the nuaking of a day's journey is imclicaled of any one, we are not to understand merely that the person travelled for a day or for so many hours thereof. ' Day's journey ' is no mere indication of time, but a real though very indefinite mea.sure of space. Its length would vary according to the nature of the ground tra- versed ; on a level plain it would be longer than over a country broken by hills or water-courses. Its distance would, again, be conditioned by the circumstances or capabilities of the traveller ; a messenger on a hasty errand (cf. Gn 31'-") would achieve bettor results than a caravan, the rate of which would be regulated by the slowest beast of burden. A .sturdy courier, without undue exertion, might put 25 to 30 miles behind him in a day; while a caravan, with its encumbrances, would not be able to overtake more than abiuit 20 miles at the most. The camel usually proceeds at a rate of about 2k miles an hour, and as 0 to 8 hours would be suflicient for a day, a caravan (probably im- plied Lk 2'''') might accomplish 15 to 20 miles ; witli much impedimenta, as recorded in the travels of the patriarchs Gn 311'''', or of the Israelites Nu lO-", the day's journey would necessarily be much less. In the i^rescnt-day i)ilgrimages to Mecca, 22i miles is said to be a common day's journey for a caravan. We may perhaps safely figure to ourselves in connexion with the expression 'day's journey' an average distance of 20 to 25 miles. See further S.VUlt.VTII D.VYS JOflCXEY. A. GUIEVE.