DAYSMAN.— In 1 Co 4'> 'man's judgment ' is lit. 'm.-ni's day' (avUponrlyr; T)ixipa)^ and is so tr" in Wydif, Tind., Cov., and Kheinis ; for the word ' day,' or its equivalent, has been used in many languages in the special sense of a d.ay for hearing causes and giving judgment. (See D.\y.) Prom 'd,ay' ill this .seii.se was formed the word 'days- man,' after the exaiiiple of craftsman, hei-dsman, and the like, to signify a judge, umpire, or arbiter. The oldest instance given in Oj/. Eng. Dirt, is ririmptnn Corresp. (1480) p. 82, ' Sir, the dayes- men cannot agre us' ; the next, Coverdale's tr. of .lob O-is ' Nether is there eny dayes man to reprove both the partes, or to l.aye his lioiule betwixte us,' from whom it has been retained in AV and UV.
J. H.VSTINGS.
DAYSPRING.— Job 38« ' Hast thou . . . caused the ilay.spring to know his pl.tce ? ' C-V) ; Wis 10-"
674
DAY-STAE
DEACON
' at the dayspiring pray unto thee ' {rpdt iyaroXiir (fxjrrbi, RV ' at the dawning of the day ') ; and Lk V* ' the d. from on high hath visited us ' (avaroX^ i^ v\)io\n). The word is of freq. occurrence for the dawn of day, as Eden, Decades (1555), p. 264, ' The day aprynge or dawnynge of the daye gyveth a certeyne lyght before the rysinge of the soonne.' Davies (Bible Eng. p. 249) points out that virtually the same expression occurs in Jg 19*" ' when the day began to spring, they let her go, and 18 9-"' it came to pass about the spring of the day.' In Gn 32" the marg. has 'ascending of the morning' for 'breakinj^ of the day ' ; and in Ps 65' east and west are called ' the outgoings of the morning and evening.'
J. Hastings. DAY-STAR.— This is Wyclif 's transl. of the Gr. 4>ua(pipot in 2 P 1", and he has been followed by all subaequent translators. The Eng. word (in all VSS till RV there are two sep. words, ' day star,' RV 'day-star') was used in two senses. (1) It signified the planet Venus (Lat. Lucifer), that star which preceded or accompanied the rising of the sun, the morning star, as in Lydgate, Temple of Glas (1355), 'Fairest of sterres . . . O Venus . . . O mighti goddes, daister after nyght ' ; and Holland's Ptmy, ii. 8, ' For all the while that shee [the planet Venus] preventeth the morning, and riseth Orientall before, she taketh the name of Lucifer (or Day Starre) as a second sun hastening the day.' (2) It was applied poetically to the sun, especially by Milton, as Lycidas, 168 —
' ;Ai einks the day-star in the ocean bed, And yet anon repairs his drooping head. And tricks his beams.'
In 2 P the word is used in the first sense, the morning star. The passage is therefore parallel to Rev 2^ ' the morning star,' and 22" ' the bright, the morning star.' These passages, Plumptre thinks, are evidence that this had come to be recognized among the apostolic Christians as a Bymbolic name of the Lord Jesus as manifested to tne souls of His people.
Wyclif has 'day-star' in Job 38*" ; Whether thou bryngist forth Lucifer, that is, dai-sterre, in his tyme ' ; and it is found in Is 14" AVm and RV ' O day star,' AV text * O Lucifer.' See LuciFER.
J. Hastings.
DEACON. — The words SidKorot (-eu>-fa) refer to service rendered without regard to the quality of the person rendering it. Thus the SidKovot at a feast may be either bond or free ; and any one doing such service is a 5id/t. for the time being. Thus, in NT they are used — (1) of service gener- ally (Ac 12=», Ro 152», 1 Co 16") ; (2) of our Lord's work in particular (Mt 20^) ; (3) of the temporal ruler (Ro 13*) as deoO Siix. ; (4) of the work of the apostles (e.^. Ac 1" 6', 1 Co 3», 1 Ti 1") : but in none of these places is there any trace of SidKovos as an official title. The transition is found Ro 12^, where the StaKovla in contrast with rpo<firiTela., SiSoffxaXia, TapaxXijcrii, seems to indicate specific services, though the Jk^kovos himself is not men- tioned. (Cf. Hort, Christian Ecclesia, 198 f.).
Where do we first find oflBcial StdKovoi T In Ac 6' oi veurrepoi are of course tacitly contrasted (as Lk 22-*) with ol rpea^vrepoi ; but the parallel riavlaKOi in 6'" seems to show that the contrast is only of age, not of o£Bce. Coming to Ac 6, were ' the seven ' deacons ? Permanent officials of some sort they probably were ; if we take account of St. Luke's way of recording ' beginnings ' of movements.
For the common identification of them with the later deacons, we have (1) The general corre- spondence of their duties. (2) The word JiaKo^fii' Tpair^fait used of them, though this is balanced by JiaKoc/a ToD Xii7oi' of the apostles themselves in the next verse. (3) Common opinion from Irenajus
[ScBr. iii. 12. 10, iv. 15. 1 'Stephanus primus diac'l onward. (4) The number of deacons limited to seven at Rome (Cornelius ap. Eus. HE vi. 43 : also Soz. HE vji. 19, referring to Ac 6), and by Cone. Neocses. Can. 15, also referring to Ac 6, though Cone. Trull. Can. 16 rejects it.