DESTRUCTION (fiijit).— See Ahaddon.
DETERMINATE Only Ac 2» 'the d. counsel
• This is the eente In which the paasage ia tal(en by 0^. Heb. Lax. {9.V. riiDr\\ ' ha lived as do one desired.'
and foreknowledge of God' (•^pufi^vos, fr. optfu, to mark a buund^uy, fix, apiioint. The closest parallel is Lk 22-'- ' the Son of man indeed goeth, as it hath been determined ' RV, Gr. Kara r j i}piaixivov). ' Determinate' is Tindale's word, whom all the VSS follow ; but Wyclif has the form we should now employ 'determyned.' Chaucer has ' determinat ' in the same sense, as Astrolabe, I. xxi. 7 : ' sterres fixes, with hir longitudes and lati- tudes determinat ' ; and cf. Shaks. Twelfth Night, II. i. 10 : ' My determinate voj'age is mere extrava- gancy.' Determination, Zeph 3' 'my d. is to gather the nations ' (ts^y'a, lit. ' judgement,' as RVm) ; 2 Es 10" ' if thou shalt acknowledge the d. of God to be just' {terminus, lit. 'end,' RV ' decree ' ; cf. Ja 5" ' ye have seen the end of the Lord,' tAos). Determine was common about 1611 in the sense of 'end,' ' terminate ' ; but in AV only the derived meanings are found, fix, decide, resolve. In AV Pref. the obsolete construction with ' of ' is used : ' For as it is a fault of incredulity, to doubt of those things that are evident ; so to determine of such things as the Spirit of God hath left (even in the judgement of the judicious) questionable, can be no less than presumption.' J. Hastings.
DETESTABLE THINGS.— The tr" in AV and
RV of D'jnpif* in Jer 16'«, Ezk 5" T" IP"-" 37^, the reference being either to actual idols or to objects connected with idolatry. Elsewhere the word is tr"" Abomination (see the references above, p. 12, —adding Nah 3« [AV, RV 'abominable filtli J, Dn 9" IP' 12'>, 2 Ch 15«), which usually represents n^i'in (see p. 11) ; but as in the first five passages cited both Heb. words occur together, ' detestable things ' is adopted for o'sipfi for the sake of dls tinction. It would have conduced to accuracy and clearness, had it been adopted uniformly. The cognate verb ypv, to treat as detestable, is rendered ' to detest ' in Dt 7^', but unfortunately ' to have in abomination' in Lv 11"'", and 'to make abomin- able' (for 'make detestable') in Lv U-" 202= (in these four passages, in connexion with x;>^, the technical term for the flesh of prohibited animals. See Abomination, No. 3).
In 2 Mac 5*^ ' that detestable ringleader ' (Apollonius) stands for Thv /j.vjdpxv i RV ' lord of pollutions,' with marg. ' Gr. Mysarch, which may also mean ruler of the Mysians.' The tr- of the text is, no doubt, correct (similarly Grimm, Rawl., Zockler : Pesh. ' ruler of all the unclean ') ; the term is evidently one of disparagement, framed on the model of titles such as iSvapxt^, arparoTreSdpxrift etc. S. R. Driver.
DEDEL ('?Nijn ' knowledge of God,' 'Vayoi4\). — Father of Eliasaph, prince of Gad (Nu 1"7«--" lO-") = Reuel, Nu 2'^ (perhaps the original name, see LXX, 1 being put lor i) P. G. H. Battersby.
DEUTERONOMY.— i. The Name of the Book. — The n.iuie Deuteronomy is taken from the Lat. ' Deuterononiium,' which transliterated the Gr. wonl AevTepovip.ioi'. This Gr. word apjiears in the LXX of Dt 17"*, where the words ' a copy of this law' {nA-.ri rrfnn .ijf'?) are incorrectly tr'' rd Aeurepo- vufuor TouTo, as if the Heb. had been ' this copy of the law ' (ni.T .i-i'in.T nj;'p). The word also occurs, with the same error of tr°, in Jos 9" [Heb. 8*"]. Though the word was a mistranslation, it fur- nished an appropriate title to a book which in a large measure ' reformulated ' previous laws. The book is referred to by this name in the writings of Philo (Leg. Allcgor. iii. § 61, i. 121, Quod Dens immutab. § 10, i. 280), although that writer also quotes it by the iijinie of ' Tlie Appen- dix to the Laws,' ii 'ETrivoidi {Quis rer. dives hwrea § 33. i. 495).
DEUTEKONOMY
DEUTEKO>vOMY
597
In Heb. lit«nCure the book waa known by a title taken from Its opening word*, "These are the words' (Olj^n nJ'K), or, atmply, 'word*' (C'n5^> In Rabbinic writing it ia sometimea cited aM 'The book of Threatening^' (n^np'B TJ:?); but in such I the reference is to the latter portion of the book, which
also appean to have been known to Philo as ' The Curses ' (eu 'AftOy. See Leg. AUegoT. Vu. i 35, i. 10«, quoting Dt 2"!' ; De PotteriU Caini, i 8, i. 230, quotine Dt 28<». (Kyle's Philo and Boly Scripture, Introd. p. xxiiif.)
ii. The Contents of the Book.— The book purports to contain the last utterances of Moses, delivered in the plains of Moab just before his death. The historical position is delined by the brief Introduction (1'') and by the Ej)ilo<;ue (34), which narrates the death of Moses. The utter- ances of Moses comprise three main discourses : (1) The first is chiefly historical, reviewing the life of Israel in the wilderness, l'-***. (2) The second, which has a brief historical preface (i""'*"), is, at first, hortatory (5-11), but is chiefly taken op with the legislation (12-26), i.e. the code of laws which constitutes the nucleus of the whole work. To this is appended the description of a ceremony which was to symbolize the popular ratification of the laws in the land of Canaan (27), and a rehearsal of warnings and blessings that should ensue upon the neglect and observ- ance of these laws (20). (3) The third address is an additional exhortation urging tlie people to keep the covenant with J", promising restoration even after relapse into idolatry, and offering the alternatives of obedience or disloyalty to J (29. 30).