ref. to OT; Mahafly, Emp. of Ptolt. (1895): For Herodotus, Wiedemann, U^rod.'e 2. Buck (1890). Hist^ Geography, Diim- ichen, Geogr. d. Alt. jEg. (1878). (J) Ublations with Asia :— \V. Mux Muller, Asien u. Kuropa (1893, cf. Jensen in Z. Ass. x.). For relations with OT, Ebers, ^Hg. u. Buck. Stone's (1868) ; do. iJiirch Gnxen z. Sinai (ls72) ; 0. Niebuhr, Gesch. d. Ebr. Zeit- alters (1894); Sayce, Patr. Palestine (1895); Ed. Meyer in Festsehr. /. Ebers (1897) (A") liEtioiON :— Erman's .£gypten\ Maspero's and Meyer's Histories {passim) ; Maspero, Ets- de Mythol. (1893), the most important work on the subject;, do. Pyramides de Sagijarah (1894 -/(ec. de Trav. iiL-xiv.), with transl. ; Le P. Renoul, The Book of the Dead, transl {PSBA xiv. fl.) ; Lange in C. de la Saussaye, Lehrb."^ (1897), an ex<-ellent summary. {L) Art: — Perrot-t'liipiez, Uist. de VArt, i. (1882); Maspero. L'A rchiologie in. (1887) ; chapters in Erman's j^gyptm, Maspero's Uistoire. {al) Pudlisukd Monl'MH.stw, ktc. : — The chief collections are those of Champolhon, Uosellini, Lepsius, Sharpe, Prisse, de Roug6, Mariette, the Mission /ran^. au Caire, Eg. Expl&r. Fund, the Leyden Museum. Catalogues of the museums of Oizeh-Boulak (Maspero), Berlin (Erman), Louvre (de Uoug^, Pierret, Dev6ria), Florence (Scliiiiparelli). Turin (Rossi, Lanzone), St. Petersburg (Golenischeff). Further, the works of Fl. Petrie; de Morgan, etc., Catal. de Mons. et Insert. (1804 flf.); do. Dahshour (189,5); Translations in Uecords of the Past (first and second series). (iV) Periodicals : — Zeitschr. /. ag. .Spr. (Leipz.) ; liec. de trav. ret. d la phii. 'tg. et ass. (Paris) ; i'SJJ4(Lond.); S/iAina:(Up8ala, Leipz.). W. E. CBUM.
EGYPT, RIYER OP, occnrs repeatedly in AV (Nu 34», Jos 15<- ", IK 8»», 2 K 24', 2 Ch 7>, Is 27") as tr" of onii5 ^'i (jrora^Jt AiyvirTov, Jth 1'). The term is used to designate not the Nile, whose common title is ni<;ri, and which cd. never be called '7'S, the latter word being the exact equivalent of the modern wady. (See Brook. ) In all the above OT passages (cf. also Ezk 47'" 48^) UV substitutes 'brook' for 'river,' but inconsistently retains 'river' in Jth 1*. "The stream referred to is the Wady el-ArUh, which flows tlirough the northern portion of the Sinaitic peninsula, draining into itself the waters of many other wadies, and flows into the Mediterranean midway between Pelusium and Gaza (Maspero, Dawv. of Civilization, 348). It derives its name from the village el-'Arlsh (the ancient lihinncolura, Diodor. i. 60), situated near its mouth. Tlie ' river of Egypt ' is repeatedly specified in OT as the S.W. boundary of Canaan. The same stream is called nahal Muzur by the Assyrian king Esarhaddon, who apparently means to distinguish it from the Nile by adding ashar nam Id Uhu, ' wliere no river is,' i.e. no continuous stream (Hommel, Anc. Heb. Trad. 257).
Once in OT (Gn 15'") the ' river of Egypt ' (in) '^9, not ^nj) means the Nile if MT is correct, but we slid, probably emend to hm (so Lagarde, fol- lowed by Ball in Haunt's OT). Shi/iCr, which elsewhere (Is 23', Jer 2'') is applied to the Nile, appears to be a designation of the Wady el-'Arish in Jos 13», 'Shihor (UV 'the Shihor') which is
before Egypt,' and 1 Ch 13" (cf. 1 K 8"), ' from Shihor of Efrypt (KV ' Shihor tlie brook of Egypt') even unto tlie entering in of Haniath.' (So Del.
on Gn 15'" and llommel, Anc. Heb. Trad. 242 f., altliough Frd. Delitzsch and Dillmann prefer to understand it of the most easterly arm of tlie Nile.)
J. A. Sei.bik.
EGYPTIAN, THE (h Myinrrio^). — In Ac 21» Claudius Lysias the chief captain (Chiliarch) is represented as saying to St. Paul, 'Art thou not then the Ej^ptian, wMiich before these days stirred up to sedition and led out into the wilderness the four thousand men of the Assassins?'
This E. is mentioned by Jo.sephus in both his works. While describing the procuratorsliip of Felix, he mentions the Sicarii or Assassin.s, then in distinction to these the religious impostors, then a certain Egyptian. The latter profcf.scd to bo a propliet, and collected together a body of 30,000 persons, whom he led to the Mount of (Jlives, assert- ing that the wall of Jerus. would fall down before him, and that liu could capture tlie city. I'VIix attacked him with a considerable force, and dis- persed his followers, slaying 400, and taking prisoner 200. Tlie Egyptian himself escaped.
668
EGYPTIAN VERSIONS
EGYPTIAN VERSIONS
Krenkel, followTng HoUzmann, Hausrath, Keim, mnd the author of Supernatural Religion, attempts to show that the author of the Acts is indebted to Josephus for his knowledge of this event. He is quite unsuccessful. There are no signs of literary obligation, and very definite discrepancies. Josephus gives difl'erent numbers ; he does not definitely connect the Egyptian with the Sicarii, but rather contrasts him ; and he does not represent the wilderness as the place to which the people were led, but the Mount of Olives. It may be quite possible to explain these discrepancies so as to save the historical accuracy of both writers, but they are fatal to our regarding Josephus as the source of information. The only rea-sonable opinion that can be held is that we have two independent and contemporary accounts of the same event, and that the resemblances arise from this fact.