i Ouatrem^re, op. cit. p. 41 f.
I Krall, op. cH. Ii.-iii. 430., iv. lajS.
C Krall, op. eil. I. (H.
n Kmll, op. cU. i. 61, it es I.
f ZAS, 1884, p. 140 S.
of documents is concerned, we have fragments in Middle Egyptian (earlier and later) and Sahidic, some of which take us back to the 4th or 5th centuries.o But as early as the 2nd century etlorts were made to write Egyptian in characters not unlike our present Coptic ones./3
3. Extant Remains of Veiwions.— We have remains of biblical versions in all three dialects ; but a considerable portion of the Saliidic has dis- appeared, whilst only very short fragments of the Aliddle Egyptian are extant. A useful list of MSS containing portions of the Coptic Bible has been given by M. Hyvemat in the Hecue ISiblique Internationale for 1896, No. 4, p. 540 tf. We shall here confine ourselves to editions of the versions.
(a) Sahidic. — The fullest collections of extant fragments of the version of the NT are those pub- lished by Woide7 and Am61ineau.5 Some frag- ments of the Apocalypse have recently been brought together \>y Goussen.f A complete collection, together with a translation, is urgently needed. The best collections of the remains of the OT have been made by Ciasca,f Maspero,?; and Lagarde.S Quotations from the Sahidic Bible are found in the ' Pistis Sophia,'i and other Sahidic books. The Psalms quoted in the former work resemble the Sahidic version. In fact, as a general rule citations in either the Bohairic or Sahidic dialect agree with the version of the Bible current in that dialect./c Other collections of fragments of the Sahidic Bible are described in the lievue Biblique Internationale, 1897, No. 1, pp. 55-02.
(6) Middle Egyptian, — That there was a sepa- rate Middle Egyptian recension of part, at lea-tt, of the Bible is proved by the text of some of the NT fragments publi.slied by ZoegaX and Miispero./j These are w ritten in tne dialect as spoken in t he Faj'llm, and sometimes in text and translation diller considerably from the corre.sijonding Sahidic and Bohairic. How far all the biblical fragments extant in Middle Egyjitian really con.stitute a separate version, we shall be able to judge with greater certainty when inure frngiiieiit» have been discovered, and when the Saliidic NT lias been edited. Meanwhile, it is unsafe to conclude that a fragment written in this dialect necessarily presents a distinct recension. It may give, with merely dialectical changes, exactly the same version as the S.'ihidic.i' We shall here simply state where specimens of the Bible written in MiJdle Egjptian may be found, witliuut venturing to deleniiino whether they are parts of a single version. Hesiiles the fragments already alluded to,J Bouriant has published two Go.spel fragments, together with a
a Crum, op. cit. plate I. No. 2 ; Kenyon, Our tiiitte aiid the Ancient M.SS, p. 163 (itlate xvii.); Krall, op. cit. i. 110; hHlhrer durch dve AuKnteltun^ (Vienna, 1892), p. 33, Tofel iii. ; Stern, ZAS. 1880, p. 135.
fi Stcindorff, Koptijtche Grammatik, S 2.
y Appendix ad editionejn yooi Testamenti Graci (Oxford, 1709).
) /.AS, 1880-1888.
I A pocaij/psiJf S. Johannig Apoittoli (Lelprip, ISO.'i).
^ Sacrorum liibliorxun J-'ru'jmenta C'oplo..SaJiuIica tlusei Dortjiani. Home, vol. i., 1S85 ; vol. ii., 1889.
,1 M^inoire« pubti-^ea par leg Meinhreti de la ilitnion Arohio- logiqtte Franrai.tf aw Caire (Paris, 1892), vol. vL
S A^'jypii^ial ((iottin(fen, Iss::), p. 05 (T.
< Cf. ilarnack, Tfite u. Vntcrs. vii. 2. 2ff.
s See e.g. V. Robinson, Texts and Studies, vol. (v. No. 2, p. xlx.
A Catatofjus Codicum Copticorum (Ilome_, 1810), p. 140 IT. ; cf. Engelbreth, Fratjmenta lifittniurico.Coptica I'etens et yod Teetatnenii {Cn\tcu\iaKVt\, ISII), p. 20 IT.
u lircueil de Traiaux rt'lat\f$ d la J'hii. et d I'Arch. &tjypt. et Atinir. (1889), xi. p. 110,
> Cf. the translation In old M,R. of .lude ■' ■» with the corresponding' Sahidic. See Crum, op, cit. p, 4,
I Zoe(;a pviblishes tlie Ilrst half of 1 Th and part of the follow* Inj chuplers; Is 1, 6, ,ln 4, 1 Co tt-9, 14. 15, Kph 6, Ph 1. 2, He f>-lll (Engellireth (fives the same). 1 Co 9 10-16 had already been edited by Oiortri [froifmentum Hftnujetii S. Johannit, etc.. Rome, 1789, p. 55 ff.), and Miiuter (Cointnsntatie
670
EGYPTIAN VERSIONS
EGYPTIAN VERSIONS
BmaJl portion of Isaiah, the end of 2 Co and the beeinnmg of Hebrews, a A single verse from Jon 2 will be found in Tuki ;j3 the last |iart of La and most of the Epistle of Jer. (with Latin translations) in Quatremfere.7 Crum has given a few verses from Mt U. 12,J and Krall some verses of Ro 11. 12.C Besides these, Von Lemm has made another short collection of fragments in this dialect.f To this list must be added some inter- esting biblical remains written in Old Middle Egyptian. 1) Small portions of Exoilus, Sirach, and 2 Mac are published by Bouriant.S We have an incomplete MS of the Minor Prophets, from which Krall has published specimen verses.i briefly enumerating the contents of the rest, which he will shortly publish, k Part of the same MS has recently been edited by Bouriant.X The NT fragments published by Crumju are unfortu- nately very minute. Jude '''"^ and part of Ja 4""- " alone survive.
(c) Bohairic. — The best edition of the Gospels is that of Schwartze,!- and of the Acts and Epistles, that of Lagarde.f The NT as a whole has never been satisfactorily edited. A serviceable edition was made by Wilkins, but the Latin translation which it contains is unsatisfactory. o A new edition of the Gospels is being prepared for the Clarendon Pressby G. Horner. The Pentateuch was first published by Wilkins (^vith a translation), t and then more carefully by Lagarde.^ Tattam has edited and translated (but uncritically) the Major and Minor Prophets and the Book of Job.cr The best editions of the Psalms have been made by Schwartzer and Lagarde,u the latter edition being unfortunately printed in Latin characters. F. Rossi has lately edited a MS containing part of the Psalter.i^ Only small portions of tne rest of the OT have been printed. For a list of these portions and of editions not •nentioned here, see Hyvemat, op. cit. 1897, No 1, p. 48 ff.