There can be no doubt that the Temple of Ephesian Artemis was used as a place of deposit for treasure both by the city and by private individuals (as, e.g., by Xenophon.^-l/Kift. v. 3. 4). This function strengthened the bonds that united the city and the temple. It is uncertain how the treasure deposited in the temple by the city was managed, but, as Canon Hicks says (p. 82), ' it is remarkable how little is said in the Ephesian inscriptions about any financial officers.' Tlie temple and its precinct were inviolable : no arms niiglit be borne within the sacred precinct (implying that in primitive times, when arms were commonly carried, the goddess provided that her worship should be a peaceful influence). The Rom. government, in A.D. 22, recognized the right of a.sylum that be- longed to the soil of Artemis (Tacit. Ann. iii. 63) ; but the local limits of asylum varied widely at different periods.
The twelve disciiiles of the baptism of John whom St. Paul found at E. (Ac \V>) had possibly been converted by Apollos during his recent visit; though it is more probable that a small sect of Jews had emigrated to E., as a great centre of commerce and intercourse, soon after the coming of St. John. St. Paul, on his first brief visit, seems to have found tlie Jews in E. very well disposed towards the new teaching ; and, though a rupture between him and tliem is recorded (Ac 199), it is hardly described in such terms as to suggest that it was so serious as those that occurred in Corinth or Thessalonica. The existence of a Jewish colonv at E. in B.C. 44 is vouched for by Jos. Ami. iiv. X. 12 (cf. x'lv. x. 25, xn. vi. 2 and 7), when Dolabella granted them religious freedom (esp. from engasre- nients inconsistent with proi>er observance of the Sabbath) iiikI e.\eniption from military service. When Augustus aftvrwanls contlrmed the privileges of the Asian Jews, esp. guaranteeing them safe-conduct for transmission of their offerings to Jerus., he doubtless had E. prominent in his mind (Jos. Ant. xvi. vi. 2, cf. Ac. 2y P^). Jewish inscriptions at Eph. are published. Hicks, Nos. 676, 617. Some of these Jews appear to have m.ide a practice of exorcism and nKi;,'ic, Ac lO^^l", like Bar-jesus at Paphos, Ac 136 (see Sckva). Similar practices were engaged in by the Jewish settlers at Thyatira (wh. see).
• According to Mr. Wood's measurement* the temple itsell measured 343 ft. by 164, and the stylobate or basement 41S ft by 239.
EPHESUS
EPHOD
725
When St. Paul broke with the Jews, he passed forth beyond the narrower circle which had come within the influence of the synagopie, and ad- dressed the entire Eph. population. He was under- Btootl by the Ephesians to be the teaclier of a new school of philosopliy ; and, arrreeably to this view, he lectured daily in the school of Tyrannus (wh. see), juBt as other philosophers gave public lectures. In the Bezan Text there is added the statement that he tau^'ht from the 5th to the 10th hour. It is probable that this is correct, showin" that St. Paul employed the hours when the building would no longer be in use ; for the business in the A.sian cities seems to have ended at the 5tli hour (one hour before midday).* We may, then, picture Paul's life in Eph. aa spent thus : he wrought 'ni^ht and day' with his hands, i.e. he started his craft before sunrise and continued at work through the earlier hours of the day (Ac 20", 1 Co 4''-,t 1 Th 2*) ; then, after the ordinary day's work was finished, he began to teach publicly in this build- ing, and expounded his philosophy to all comers freely. Tlie.se public lectures were, as we might naturally expect, supplemented by teaching in private houses (Ac 20^).
The name St. Paul's Primn, which is applied to a Gr. tower forming part of the line of fortitioation along the ridge of Coressus, near its W. end, is purely fanciful. There is no record tliat St. Paul was imprisoned in E. ; and, if he had been im- prisoneii, this tower is not tlie kind of place where he would have been immured. ' It is a twostorejed fort with eight chambers, and the upper storey is reached by an external staircase ' (A\ ilson, Hnnd- book, p. 99). There are some important Christian remains in the city, notably the double church near the gj-mnasium adjoining the theatre. This church is older than the great Basilica of St. John the Evangelist on the hill at Ayo-Soluk j and may well be the verj- church where tJie Council was held in A.D. 431. J On the E. side of Mount Pion, over- hanging the road that leads from the temple of Diana to the Magnesian Gate of the city, is a rock- hewn church, close to a cave in which the 'Seven Sleepers of E.' were, according to tlie legend, saved from the Rom. persecution by a slumber of some centuries' duration.
The actual foundation of a Christian community in E. may be a.scribed to Priscilla and Aquila (wh. see), whom St. Paul left there at his hrst hnrried visit (Ac IS"), and whom he found there on his return.
LiTKRATt'RB. — The vast niofls of lit. about E. is to a g^reat extent antiquated by recent works. The inscriptions, with the coninienlarics of Iloeckh and ilioks, must fomi the foun- dation of nil nieth<xlieal Htudy. On the topography, see e»p. Weber, tiuide du Voyatjeur A KpMM, Smyme, 1891 (ex- oehenl maps) ; also Sir C. Wilson, UandUtok to Ania Minor, et^. Qhlurrav) 1W).'» : on the antiijuities, Hicks, Or. hiscrip. of Oif Brit. Sfug. iii. p. 67 (T. • .Menadier, Qua condicionf Ephfgii UMi tint ; Ziuimermann, Kph. im erat. chrittl. Jahrh.; lAyy, in Revue dee Etude* tirrt^qwe, 1S0&, p. 203 f., and subsequent artt., gives a careful and admirattle study of tlie constitution of the AsUn cities ; and Itamsay, Citxeeand Uinhtrpric* of Phri/gia, ch. U., frivee a brief sketch of the same subject. Ou'hl's hpkfjtiaca \m not wholly antiquated, and Falkener's B. and the. Trrnple of Diana contains some thin^ to reward study. WwhI's DiMooveriee at E. is almost purely a ftopular book (except for the