EVE
EVERY
797
worthy, and of the (open) mystery of godliness which is the story of Jesus (2X1 1'-, 1 Ti 0-'"'-l", 2Ti 2"''- ; cf. '1 it 3», 1 Ti 3"^). We aliall, then, favour the conclusion that tlie NT evanj,'elist3, as such, were depositaries of the facts of the (Jospel as it gradually crystallized ; dealing with these facts orally and in writing, now as missionaries, now as interpreters, without the special <ro<pia. of the apostles, or their peculiar weight and authority ; demi-apostolic men, with a charisma, but one not 80 commanding as that of the apostle, or so strik- ing as that of the prophet. In a word, they might be called specially inspired teachers ; the eiay-yf- Xi<mj! being distinctively and originally a teacher abroad, aggressive, awakening ; the Si5d<rKa.\os a teacher at home, <juiet and edifying. If this wa-s the practical diflerence between evangelist and teacher, we can better understand Eph 4" ' some (general and missionary) evangelists, and some pastors and teachers' (local officers with the double capacity for moral supervision and for instruction in doctrine). We can better understand 1 Co 12^, where oiSao-siXoiij (in the third place) would include evangelists. We can better understand how, in the letters to Timothy the 'evangelist,' so great a stress is laid on teach int/. Furthermore, we can better understand the meaning of teacher in the Diilachi, when the phrase, ' whoever ccnneth and teacheth, you,' is followed immediately by ' but in regard to the apostles and prophets' (ch. 11) ; here the teacher seems to be a wandering teacher, that is, an evangelist ; and the order ' apostles and prophets' is so far against the supposition that the apostles are evangelists. This contention is confirmed by the order in other passages, e.g. (ch. 15) ' Bishops and deacons . . . they too render you the seiviue o{ prophets and teac/icrs' [when, i.e. you have none such sojourning among you] ; for •prophets and teachers' may 'settle among' them (ch. 13), though apostles may not.
If this progressive convergence of evangelist and teacher be a tact, it is ea.sy to see how the title of ajiostle became increasingly exclusive, and how the title of evangelist gradually confined itself to the writers of the Four Gospels. See CHURCH, p. 433.
LiTmATUES. — Zockler, Diaktm^n und EcangelUten ; R6ville, Le* orifjinfi* de V^pijiajpat ; Sohm, Kirchenrecht ; Weizsacker, ApoKloiie Affe (Kng. tr.) ; llarnack, Texte U. Lehre der Apogtcl ; Zahn, MUmonHinetliOden xm ZeitoUter der Apogtel ; .Smith, DB, art. • Kvunuclisf J. MaSSIE.
EYE (.Tin liavvah),' is the name given in J to the first woman, the wife of Adam, the mother of Cain, Abel, and Seth. In Gn 3™ (whicli is some- times re^'arded as a gloss) it is said that she was so named because 'crSj ck nj;.T ' she was the mother of all living,' i.e. of course, 'all living men.' n;r; is a form of the widesjjread Sem. root nin, n'n, or •■n, and = life, as LXX, Oxf. Heb. Lex. ; rather than liring (liVm Living oT Life), or li/c-giving [Hymin.), as if a shortened Pi. ptcp. W. R. Smith (Kin.thip and Marriage in Arabia, p. 177) makes IJavvah a phonetic variation of hnt/y, and thus a personifica- tion of the bond of kinship, conceived as exclusively mother-kinship (hai/ij). Wellli. (Proleg. 308 n. Eiig. tr.) follows Noldulce in suggesting that /ytccah = serpent, as explained in I'hilo (de agric. Noe, S 21) and Midrash Uabba on Gn 3", and finds here a trace of the primitive belief that all earthly life originated in a primeval serpent (cf. the function of Tiamat in the Bab. cosmology, and Arab. hayyatnn, serpent).
• I.X.X On 8» Z.ii, «1- » Ei. (the E««. of t.» hu no equl- Tali'nt in the Hch), no also in .NT 2 Co Il>, 1 Ti 21». In On .S'» Af). hitf K'ua. or A^«, and Svnini. Zm«>i»«<. TUch. writ+-8 Eva bolh in OTaniiNT, butWIK'ii. :tl:l)iioint out that in thiialiacnoo of MS evidence as to breatliinu's. the oidy aufe jjuidu in tlic Inltlai n of the Heb. Of. alao the \ uIk. Ufta. l)Oth in OT anil .ST.
F'or Eve's relation to Adara, and the account of her in the narrative of the Creation * and the Fall, see Adam. Her utterance on the birth of Cain, Gn 4', is very obscure, — .ti.tt^ v-k 'n-jj ' I have gotten a man,' AV ' from the Lord,' with Targ. Onk. ; RV ' with the help of the Lord,' with LXX, Sii, Tou 6(ov ; Vulg. per deum ; Synim. avv KMplif. Another Gr. tr. quoted in Field's Ilexapln, inTrjad- firjy Sivdpunrov Kvpiov, ' I have gotten a man, even the Lord,' has been adopted by Luther and others, and understood as expressing Eve's conviction that the promised Messiah of 3" had been born. IJmbreit proposed ' I have gotten J" for a husband.' The U V is the only probable translation. The text is possibly corrupt. (See Cain).
W. H. Bennett.
EVENING.— See TiMK.
EVENT occurs thrice in Ec (2" 9^») as the ti. of mikreh in the obsol. sense of ' that whicli befalls,' ' fate ' : as 9^ ' There is one event to the righteous and to the wicked.' Cf. Shaks. 2 Henry IV. IV. ii. 83—
• Against ill chances men are ever merry, But heaviness foreruns the good event.*