In 2 Mac 4''' irpoayopeiui in its solitary occurrence in bibl. Greek is tr^ in AV 'followed the matter ' (ol irpoTryoprfiaavTe^, RV ' they that were spokesmen '). The word is common enough in class. Greek in the sense here intended, viz. to speak for, or claim a right, in public. The Eng. of AV means to pursue the matter to its accomplishment, to prosecute the att'air ; for which cf. Hum. Tou-n (1693), i. 30, ' gi\ ing his lawyer double Fees, that his Cause may be wefl followed ' ; and Shaks. 2 Henry IV. I. i. 21 — ' O I such a day. So fought, so followed, and so fairly won, Came not till now to dignify the tinies. Since Caesar's fortunes.' No other obsolete or unusual expression seems to be used in the Apocr. which is not represented in OT or NT. But the variety of words tr** in AV ' follow ' is instructive. The foil are found : i-xtXeuBm, Jth 1613, sir 2328 (RV omits), 2 Mac 4" SM , iltcxckeuiioi. Sir 62, Three 1»; iir««x«i/ei«, Ad. Est 1&*, Sir 469 ; ie«™»«ioi/fli«,, Jth 118 ; »««««»A»i/«i», 2 Mac 8" ; 8.i«», Sir 1110(RV ' pursue ') 278 2919 (Or. anl««. i(!>-oXapi;«£, AV ' he that under- taketh and followeth other men's business for gain,' RV ' under- taketh contracts for work ') 31' 342 ; «aT«S<«.«», Sir 27" (RV ' pursue ') ; Tof>iuof.cKi, To 4' ; ^opiuofjuct ivlrai. Sir 4610. RV ' walk after'; 'iirtrroptCo^j.cti,2 Mac 223 (Or. ^oViW^9optC^r^aivol!u■x^■ypottl.lJ.6i< T^c iTiTfl^rc arovoi/yTif, AV 'labouring to follow the rules of an abridgement,' RV 'and atr.ain having no strength fmarg. 'making no effort'] to fill in [niarg. 'enlarge on'] the outlines of our abridgement'); ii=pyi>i^a, itrritru, 1 Mac '2^ (RV come forth after'); yivopL^ *pie, 2 Mac 1129 ; ^rAeai, Sir 511S (A V * earnestly I followed,' RV ' I was zealous for '), 2 Mac 416 (a V * followed so earnestly,' RV ' earnestly followed ') ; aCuvui, 2 Mac tH (RV ' accompany '). Besides those verbs there are the expressions rrr v^oyty-pafMuivn* 'tTfiTToky.k, lEs2i6, AV 'these letters following,* RV 'the letter following*; ri CireyfypiK/iu.ivet, 'as followeth * ; rij Ix^f^'-^n. 'on the day following ' ; and in 2 Es gequor 6'- 9 1113, suhseAjUor 735.
In NT the most frequent word is the simple verb iKoXovOiu, which is used 77 times in the Go.spels of following Jesus, and only once otherwise (Mk 14") of following the man with the pitcher of water. We And also 5 of its compounds tr'' either ' follow ' or ' follow after' : (1) i^aKo\ovBiu}, to follow out oi to the end, 2 P l'« 2-- "> ; (2) (iraKoXovdiui , to follow close upon, Mk 16™, 1 Ti 5'° (EV 'diligently followetl'), 5-'' ('Some men's sins are open before- hand, going before to judgment ; and some men they follow aftei," i.e. may be undetected by man, but follow them hard to God's judgment-seat), 1 P 2=^ ; (3) KarnKokovBiui, to follow behind, used onlj- ot women in NT, Lk 23*', Ac 16" ; (4) TrapaKoXovBia, to follow close, to follow up, tr'' ' follow ' in AV only in 'Mk' 16" 'these signs shall follow thom that
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believe,' but the same vb. is used in Lk 1* of following up the details of a narrative (AV ' having had understanding,' KV 'havingtracedthe course '), also in 1 Ti 4° of closely following Paul's teaching, so as to teach alike ( AV ' good doctrine wliereunto thou hast attained,' RV ' which thou hast followed until now), and in 2 Ti 3^° so as to practise it (AV ' hast fully known my doctrine,' RV ' didst follow my teaching ') ; (5) avfaKoXovd^i,!, to follow b.y one's side, to accompany a leader, JNIk 5" 14", Lk 23".
As radhaph in OT is almost invariably tr"" bv Siwku in LXX, so SiuKw itself is sometimes tr^ in t^T by ' follow,' He 12''' ' Follow peace with all men,' 1 Th 5'» ' f. that which is good,' 2 Ti 2-» ' f. right- eousness,'and Lk 17^; or 'follow after,' Ro 9^°- " W\ 1 Co 14', Ph 3l^ 1 Ti 6". RV has ' follow after' throughout, except Ph 3" 'press on.' The compound KaraoiwKu is used in Mk 1**, its only occurrence, and tr'' in EV ' followed after ' ; but, as Gould says, that tr" is inadequate, since the Kard gives the idea of hard, persistent search, as in our phrase ' to hunt down,' hence ratlier ' pursued liim closely.' In all those passages, however, the Eng. ' follow,' even Avith the addition of 'after,' is now inadequate.
In the tr° of some of the compounds of iKo\ov64u> the sense of ' follow ' is very nearly ' imitate.' This is unmistakably the meaning where the Gr. is /u/iflffffoi, 2 Th 3'- 9, He 13', 3 Jn ". Thus in He 13' 'whose faith foUow.' RV has always 'imitate.' Cf. T. Adams (1615), Spirit. Navig. 41, ' Glasse among atones is as a foole amongst men ; for it followee precious stones in colour, not in virtue.' So ^ij.rrrfi% in all its occurrences (1 Co 4'* 11', Eph 5', 1 Th 1« 2'*, He 6'=) is rendered by ' follower ' in AV, l-v ' imitator ' in RV ; and ampuij.-ip-ri%, Pli 3", is in A'^ ' followers together,' in RV ' imitators together.' Cf. Burke (1781), Corresp. ii. 437, ' We, who ought to have taken the lead in so noble a work, are but ill followers even of the examples which are set to us.'