It is in tliis last sense only — 'forward from a given point ' — that ' forth ' is used with expressions of time. These are: (1) 'from this time forth' (nny- Pa 113- 115'» 121»); (2) 'from that time forth' (nv.-r;.; mn.T Neh 4'" ; tt-nn ny.T-p 13-' ; awl, rire, Mt 16-' (RV omits ' forth ']) ; and (3) ' from that day forth ' (dir* ^Kfi^-Tjs Tijs wipas, Mt 22'", Jn l\'^).
In many of the foregoing expressions modem usage would prefer 'forward' or 'out.' In the following examples ' out ' is distinctly the modern word : witli put, Ac 9" ' Peter nut them all forth ' (so Gn 8», Jg 6-', Mt 9=°) ; with break, 2 S S*' ' The LoKD hath broken forth upon mine enemies ' ; with gii:c, Ezk 18''' " ' He that hath not given fortli upon usury';* with set, Ezk •27"' 'they sot forth thy
* Cf. Pret. to AV 1611, * He ^aue foortb. that bee bad not Mtnf any profit '
60 FORTIFICATION, FORTRESS
FORWARD, FORWARDNESS
comeliness'; with spread, Ezk 47'° 'a place to spread forth nets ' (RV ' for the spreading of nets ') ; \\'ith cast, Jon !'• "• " ; let, Lk 20" 'A certain man planted a \'ineyard, and let it forth to husbandmen' (RV 'out') ; look, Ca 2» 'he looketh forth at the windows' (RV 'in,' Heb. [9); or omitted alto- gether, as in Jn 2" ' Jesus . . . manifested forth nis glory.'
The phrase ' forth of,' which occurs in AV Gn 8" 9'8, Jg IP', 2 Ch 23'^ Job 5«, Am 7", Jth 2», has sometimes been taken to be a prep. , as by Abbott {Shaks. Grammar, § 156). It seems, however, to be a contracted form of ' forth out of,' which is found Gn 8" ' Every beast . . . went forth out of the ark.' Thus Gn 8"" Go forth of the ark ' ; Jg 11" ' whatsoever Cometh forth of the doors of my house to meet me ' ; Am 7" ' Israel shall surely go into captivity forth of his land ' (RV ' out of ') ; and even 2 Ch 23" ' Have her forth of the ranges' (RV ' forth between the ranks '). In illustration of the phrase, cf. Knox, Bisi. 365, ' Herewith was the Queen more offended ; and commanded the said John to passe forth of the Cabinet, and to abide further of her pleasure in the Chamber ' ; and his tr° of Ps 18" ( Works, iii. 320), ' he hath drawen me forth of many waters' ; and so Bacon, Essays (' Of Prophecies,' Gold. Treas. ed. p. 150, 1. 13), ' In Vespasians Time, there went a Propliecie in the East : That those that should come forth of ludea, should reigne over the World.' A further ellipsis sometimes takes place, the ' of being omitted ( not in AV), as Shaks. Mids. Night's Dream, I. i. 164 —
* If thou loWst me then, Steal forth thy father's house to-morrow night.'
J. Hastings. FORTIFICATION, FORTRESS. -See Wak.
FORTUNATUS {^oproivaTos), a member of the Church at Corinth, is mentioned in the first Epistle to that Church (16") as having visited St. Paul at Ephesus, along with Stephanas and Achaicus. They had gone as deputies to seek the apostle's help and advice regarding certain ethical questions, and especially regarding marriage, meats offered to idols, and spiritual gifts, and to strengthen the tie between him and the Corin- thians. The state of aifairs which their state- ments disclosed is dealt with at length in the Epistle in which they are mentioned, and which most likely they carried back with them, perhaps in company with Titus. Weiss suggests that the way in which the names are mentioned, seems to show that F. and Achaicus in some way belonged to the house of Stephanas. The name F., which is Roman, was a very common one, and hence it is
Erecarious to identify St. Paul's visitor, as some ave proposed to do, with the F. mentioned by Clement of Rome (Ep. 59). W. MuiB.
FORTY.— See Numbkb.
FORUM Only in Appii forum (so 1611, not
Forum as in mod. ed.) Ac 28", one of the stages in St. Paul's journey to Rome. The Gr. 'kwirlov <f)6fioy is a transliteration of the Lat., which has been taken directly into English. Wyclif trans- lated the word : ' the cheping of Appius ' ; so did the Geneva translators, 'the Market of Appius,' whom RV follows. But the other versions present various forms of the Lat. : Tind. ' Apiphorum ' (though he translates the other name ' the thre taverns '), so the Great Bible ; Cov. ' Apiforum ' ; the Rhemish 'Apij -forum ' ; Matthew's Bible, the Bishops' Bible, and AV ' Appii forum.' See APPIUS (Market of).
FORWARD, FORWARDNESS.— Forward is used both as adj. ani as adv. in AV, but the adj..
though independent in early En"., seems to hav« been lost, and afterwards re-lorniea from the adveiU So the adv. properly conies tirst.
As an adv. ' forward ' means ' towards the front,' as opposed to ' backward,' as Job 23* ' Behold I go forward, but he is not there ; and backward, but I cannot perceive him,' and Nu 32'* ' For we will not inherit with them on yonder side Jordan, or for- ward, because our inheritance has fallen to us on this side Jordan eastward ' (ix'''7, ' further on,' as 1 S 2tf-'"-' ' the arrows are beyond tliee,' •"'ijS'ii tjsp, lit. ' from thee and onwards '). So Berners, Frois- snrt, I. xvii. 18, 'AH his barones went out of the cite, and the first nyght tliey lodged vi. myle for- warde.' In the same sense it is a])plied to time, aa Ezk 39^' ' from that day and forward ' ; 43-' ' upon the eighth day, and so forward.' Cf. Stubbes, Anat. Abus. ii. 34, ' If sixtie would seme, tliey must have an hundred, and so forward.' A bold expression is found in 2 Es 3" ' before ever the earth came for- ward,' that is, into existence (antequam terra adventaret), a tr" retained in RV, though it is perhaps unique in Eng. literature.