' Sliall I to iiim malie tinown Ab yet my change, and give him to partake Full happiness with me, or rather not, But keep the odds of knowledge in my power Without copartner ? '
There is a further e.xtension of this sense in Job 242s < Though it be given him to be in safety,' i.e. though he be not merely permitted but enabled.
5. When followed by certain adverbs, ' give ' is used in ways that are at least archaic now. (1) Give again = sive back, restore, Lv 25"-" (3V", UV 'give back') ; Ezk 33" ' If the \ncked restore (dt;) the pledge ; give again (Dj's*;, lit. ' make com- jilete') that he had robbed ... he shall surely live ' ; Lk i"" ' And he closed the book, and he gave it again to the minister ' {droSous, RV ' gave It back '). See Again. (2) Give forth, Nu 20« ' Speak ye unto the rock before their eyes ; and it shall give forth his water ' ([nj) ; Ac l*" ' And they gave forth their lots ' {IduKav). (3) Give out, Jos 18* ' Give out from among you three men for each tribe' ( = ' choose out,' which is Coverdale's tr", 'give out' is the Bishops' tr°, Heb. c;) an, RV 'appoint for you' ; in Dt I" the same phrase Is tr* ' take you ' in both AV and RV ; it occurs also in Jg 20', 2 S le®") ; Jer 4'» ' watcliers come from a far country, and give out their voice against the cities of Judah' (un; ; cf. Mk 15" Wye. [i:!S8], 'And Jhesus gaf out a greet cry, and diede'); Ac 8' ' Giving out that himself was some great one' {X^yuf, lit. 'saying,' as all previous Eng. versions, Vulg. dicens, but Luther gab vor). (4) Give over, always Vfith the meaning ' surrender,' modem 'give up,' Ps 118'^ 78*'-9^ Is 19*, Sir 23« 302' 33M_ Ro l=s,TSph 4"'. Cf. Pr. Bk., Collect for St. AndreNv's Day (1559-1604), 'Grant unto us all, that we being called by thy holy word may forth- with give over ourselves obediently to follow thy holy commandments' (changed in 1662 into 'give np ourselves'). (5) Give up, 2S 24' 'And Joab gave up the sum of the number of the peoi)le unto the king' (in'i) = ' delivered,' as most earlier ver- Rions (LXX eSuKcr, Vulg. dedit). J. Hastings.
OIZONITE (■j'l'jn). — A gentilic name which occurs in 1 Ch 11** in the coUoc. 'I'inn 09:1 ' Hasliera the Gizonite.' In all probability this should be corrected to •;53n [B>; ' Jashen (cf. the parallel passage 2 S 23=-) the Gunite' (so Klosterm., Budde, Driver, Kittel). The ' Gunite ' (Nu 20*) is confirmed by tlie reading of A and Luc. Vwwl or Towl, and even by the meaningless '^oiiA>\ay(vvovtiilv of B. See Jashen.
GIZRITE.— See Girzite.
GLASS (n';o;, (!aXo<) is an artificial substance.
fusible, usually more or less transparent or tran.s- lucent, and composed of a mixture of metallic silicates. One of the metals present is always either potassium or sodium, the other being gener- ally calcium or lead. Thus inoilern window glass contains the silicates of sodium and <'alcivini, crown glass those of potassium and calcium, and Hint glass those of potassium and lead. (Ither metala such as iron may be present, either accidentally ai impurities, or designedly as colouring matters. Although the references to glass in Scripture are few, its manufacture is of hi^h antiipiity, and in the progress of civilization it has served many purposes both of use and ornament.
The origin of the art of ^la^-making is ohacure. The account given by Pliny {Nat. Uist. xxxvi. 25), of iU accidental pro- duction through the melting of blocks of ' nitruin' employed by some sailors to support their caldron over a fire which t'hey hiul uKade on the sands at the mouth of the river Bolus in Syria, is well known but fabulous. The assertion, however, that no fire burning in the open air could possibly give rise to siiliicient heat for the formation of glass, ia incorrect, as crude glass is known to have been produced during the burning of a stack of wheat. But, even if I'Uny's narrative were credible, the glass he describes, consisting of a single alkaline silicate, would have been soluble in water, and of no practical use. It is probable that the jirocess of vitrification wa« first obsen'ed in the course of metallurgical operations. The art was widely known in the ancient world, and, while its origin may be ditfi- cult to localize, it is in Egypt that the earliest traces of it have hitherto been found. Glass-blowers are represented on the walls of the Tomb of Ti at Sakkhara, which dates from the 6th d>niasty, and on many other tombs of later date, such aa those at Beni-Hasan (tJsertesen 1., 12th dynasty, B.C. 351)0). There is similar pictorial evidence that glass vases were used for wine in Egj'pt at least as early as the Exodus. Glass was also known in very ancient times in Ass^Tia and Babylonia (see vol. i. p. 220*), and even in China.
The earliest glass was opaque or semi-opaque. The art of making it transparent was a later development ; and even the first transparent glass was not colourless, but tinted. The oldest daU'd specimen of glass as yet known is a small ornament found at Thebes, in the shape of a lion's head. It is of opaque blue glass, and bears the name of N'u-Antef iv. (llth d>Tiasty). Next to it comes an opaque glass jug of turquoise blue colour with yellow ornaments, having round the neck the name and titles of Tahutmes ni. (18th dynasty). The oldest dated traii^-paynit glass known is a vase found by L-ayard at Niniroud, and bearing the name of Sargon (B.C. 722-705)- (These objects are all in the British Museum. The first is figured in the Introduction to the Catalogue of gl.iss objects in the South Kensington Museum, p. ix, the second in Wilkinson's Anc. Egyp. ii. 140, and the third in Layard, Xin. and Dab. p. 197).