T. Adams in like manner speaks of seeing through a gla-ss (Prneticnl Worlds, ii. 27), 'He tliat hath seen heaven with the eye of faith, through the class of the Scripture, slips oil' his coat with Joseph, and springs awav.' Hut ho also uses ' in a gla-ss' (ii. 2), 'Tlio world is a glass, wherein we may contemplate the eternal power and niaje.sty
* For the religious significance of this |>ax<age, sec Cobb, Oriinnet Jutlaica (ISO.',), p. \::aa. ; also Schechter. SludM m JuHaimH (ISSHl), p. S81 f., and Hzpot. Titnn (lb90-»7), viii. I.
of God.' So Tindale (.Ex/Josi'<jon.9„ Parker Soc, p. b'J) speaks of the law as a gla-ss in which a man sues his own damnation. Up. Hall, in hia 'Contemplations' {Wor/:s, 1634, ii. 107), uses the word literally : ' How witty wee are to supply all the deliciencies of nature : if wee be low, wee can adde cubits to our stature ; if ill colored, wee can borrow complexion ; if haj-reless, periwiggs ; if dim-sighted, gla.sse3 ; if lame, croutches.' And again, metaphorically {WorJcs, ii. 119), 'There cannot be a better glasse wherein to disceme tliu face of our hearts then our pleasures.' Kno.t employs 'mirror' and 'glass' together, 'Epistle to Mrs. Elizabeth Bowes' {ll^orks, iii. 338): 'The ex- positioun of your trubillis, and acknowledging of your inlimiitie, war first unto me a verie mirrour and glass whairin I beheld my self sa rychtlie payntit furth, that nathing culd be niair evident to my awn eis.' See preceding article an<l .MluitOR.
J. Ha.stin'os. GLEANING.— The Hebrew law on this subject is contained in Lv ig"'- 23-" (both H) and Dt 24"'-"'. The lirst of these passages reads, ' When ye reap the harvest of your land, thou slialt not wholly reap the corners {'iji:)* of thy Held, neither shaft thou gather (op^B) the gleaning (c,-;)) of thy harvest. And thou shalt not glean ('?^"Vfi t thy vineyard, neither shalt thou gather (B[?'jn) the fallen fruit (D-i?) of thy vineyard ; thou shalt leave them for the poor and for the stranger (ij).' In l)t 24"--' the law regarding gleanings in the corniiuld and the vineyard is stated in .substantially the same terms, and a similar provision is extended to the olive garden, ' When thou beatest (23"?, a technical term ; cf. Is 27'-') thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again, it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow.' The story of Ruth illustrates the working of the above provisions, which give point also to the question of Gideon, ' Is not the gleaning (mSSv) of Ephraim better than the vintage of Abiezer?' (Jg 8-). J. A. Selbie.
GLEDE (.-IN"! rd'Ah, yif, vultur, Dt 14").— In the passage (Lv II") the word .ixi diV6h, also tr'' in the LXX y(n}/, occurs in a corresp. position in the ver.se, and there can be little doubt that the .int of Dt is a textual error for nx-j. In that passage A V tr. it ' kite ' and RV ' vulture.' DA\'ih, from a root signifying to dart oTflysiciftty, is undoubtedly one of the raptatores, but which it is impossible to s!iy with certainty. Glede is an old name for the kite, and has been adopted by RV as well as AV for nVilh. Tristram (Nat. l/ist. of Bible, p. 186) thinks that .lijT may refer to the buzzard, Biiteo vulg'tris. Leach, which is one of the birds known in Arabic as 'alciib, and one of those known as shAhin. See FALCON, KITE, VULTURE.
G. E. Post.
GLISTER.— The three verbs 'glisten,' 'glister,' and 'glitter' come from the same Teutonic base, gli, to sliine, 'glitter' being traced to the Scandi- navian, 'glisten' and 'glister' being apparently English in their earliest form. ' Glister ' is simply a frequentative form of 'glisten.'
• Tills is the technical term which gave iu name lo the Tnlniudio tract Frah, in which the interpretation of tlie 'corners* and the whole subject of llie rightj* of the poor lo the produce of the laud are discu»se<l.
t niS^i' Is used of the gleanings of a vineyard (Jg 8>. Ii 54", Jer 40", .Mlo 7') or of an olive tree (Is IT«), not of grain (l;?"*). The verb is used (Iguratively In Jg 2t>*» of the fate of tlie flying lienjainitea, ' And they gleaned of tluni Ills';;*:!) In the high. ways live thousand men,' and In JcrO* "They shall thoroughly glean ('SS'i;*' '?|?'i;') the remnant of Israel as a vine.' The other verb is used In Jg 1' of the seventy kings that gmthenHl (D*¥jS?) '•"=''■ '"'»' under the Uble of Adonl-U-iek ; so fro ' quently of picking up such articles aa arrows, wood, •(«.
182
GLISTER
GLISTER
The form ' glisten ' is not used in AV :* ' glister ' is found five times in AV of 1611 ; 'glitter,' nine times. Both words are used freely by ^vriters of the period, and apparently w-ithout dilVerence of meaning, so that tiie MSS and texts are sometimes uneertam. The tendency of later editions is to change 'glister' into 'glitter,' as has been done (since 1702) in AV with Job 20=*, which was 'glister' in 1611 ; and as is constantly done now in quoting the proverb, 'AH that glisters is not gold,' a proverb found in Shaks. (Merchnnt of Venice, II. vii. 05), as well as in earlier writers, as T. Lever (Sermons, 1550, Arbor's cd. p. 22), ' Alas, good brethren, as trulye as al is not goldo that glystereth, so is it not vertue and honesty, but very vice and hipocrisie, wherof England at tliis day dothe most glorye.' As long as this proverb was quoted correctly (i.e. as long as ' glister ' re- mained in good English use), it liad a tendency to give ' glister ' a depreciatory sense. This has been noticed in Milton (see Verity's notes on Lijcidas in ' Pitt Press Milton,' p. 126). But there is no such distinction in AV. In course of time ' glister ' went out of use, and now ' glitter ' (perhaps under the inlluence of the same proverb) is often used with the depreciation of ' glister,' while ' glisten ' has taken up the more honourable sense which once belonged to 'glitter.'