Full details as to the various Heb. words must be sought in the Heb. lexicon or in conmientaries on the various passages. Generally speaking, the English term is sufficiently clear from the context in spite of the number of the Heb. words which it renders. But we have to consider here some characteristic or peculiar uses of the term, espe- cially the important ideas expressed by the phrase ' the glory of J".'
i. I. The'glory'of men or of material objects calls for little e.vplanation. A man's 'glory' is some- times the outward tokens of Ids prosperity, such as silver anil gold, or the splendour of^ his appear- ance ; .sometimes his reputation, the esteem in which he is held. For the first sense we may refer to Is 61", where the term stands in parallelism with ' wealth.' Again in Hag 2' ' glory ' is parallel to the 'desirable things of all nations'; we mu.st con- sider these to be more explicitly described by the next verse as consi.sting of silver and gold, and these in their turn (v.») as constituting ' the latter "lory' of the temple; cf. also Is 66'"-, Ps 49"- ", Nail 2". In the last passage we are near to what was perhaps the original meaning of the Heb. Icabud, viz. ' weight ' ; cf. the use of the vb. kabed in e.g. .lob 6', and the noun kubed in Pr 27'. We may notice also the association of the word (kdbCd) with 'oslv.r 'riches' in Est 5", where it also stands in parallelism with rob, 'multitude.' So the glory of a king (or a nation) consists in the warriors that betoken his might, Is 8' 17^'' 21" ; of Lebanon (Is 60'^), in the trees with which it is covered. The 'king's daughter' of Ps 45'* is 'all glorious' in virtue of her richly adorned clothing ; cf. Ex 28', and metaphorically Job 19*.
2. For instances of ' glory ' in the sense of ' re- putation' see Ps4-, Job '-"J^, 2 S 6-''(' How glorious was the king of Israel,' i.e. ' how much reputation did he gain lor himself ' — ironically). But in most cases where the Heb. word (kdbod) has this sense, it is tr^ in EV by ' honour,' e.g. Ec 10', Pr 21-'.
The usage in Ps 73-', if the text be correct, is isolated; ' glory' here apjiears to mean the splemlour into which men pass, who like Enoch and Elijah are translated by God ; so RV text ; RVm is hardly so probable a translation. Against the text, see, however, e.g. Wellli. in SBOT.
3. The ' glory ' of a nation may be, as we have seen, its warriors as betokening its might. But it is a favourite prophetic doctrine that Urael's might does not consist in its armies anW weapons of war, but in J" (cf. Is 31'-», Zee 4«, Ps 20'). Hence, per- haps, wo may derive a noticeable usa^e whereby J' is described as Israel's glory. Thus Jeremiah (2") says, ' Hath a nation changed their gods which yet are no gods? but my jicople have changed their glory (i.e. J") for that which doth not profit' (i.e. for iitlier gods) ; and i>robably Hos 4"' originally ran ' they have exchanged their glory for infamy' with a like meaning. Cf. also Ps 3" (cf. G'2t) KXi*
4. Another noticeable u.se of the term is to de scribe the self; thus it forms the parallel to 'my soul.' a frequent Hebrew term for self, in Gn 4'."»' 'O mv soul, come not thou into tlioir council; unto tlieir asscnibly, my glorv, be not thou united '; and to 'heart' in Ps'lii" 108'. Cf. also Ps 7" 67« and 30" (where read "i*;? for I'la;). This usage is generally explained as a poottcAl expression for 'self; and, unlike 'soul,' 'glory' in this sensa certainly is confined to ixjetical i>a.s.Hnges. For a somewhat parallel usage we miglit then comjiart
184
GLORY
GLORY
'my darling' ("nyir) in Ps 22". But another ex- planation deserving of attention has been ollered (see e.g. Dilltn. on Gn 49"). In Assyrian kabidtu (13? 'liver') is frequently used as a sj-nonym for napiitu ( = Bijj ' soul ') ; it has tlicrefore been suggested that in the Hebrew passages above cited we ou''ht to point klhcdi instead of kihOdi and tr. literally 'ray liver,' i.e. 'myself; the liver, which was thought to be a seat of life, all'ordinj; as suitable a periphrasis for the self as 'the soul ; cf. La 2" and (lor Assyrian usage) Fried. Delitzsch, As- syriscAes Handwbrterbuch, p. 317(i (s.v. kabidtu). Some support is given to this view by the fact that the LXX translates the wcinl in Gn -I'J" by to /jirord iLov (i.e. 'my liver'); on the otlier hand, in the I'salnis (which were translated later) the regular rendering is Sli^a (otherwise 15[lti]'').
ii. The Glory of J". — The glor}- of J" (hit ni::?) or of God (o-nVx, Sn 1*3?) is, like ' the name of J"' (8-), with which it stands in parallelism in Is 59'", Ps 102'°,* a summary term for the self-revealed character and being of God. It is also frequently used, especially in certain writings, to denote a particular physical appearance indicating tlie divine presence. It has been generally assumed that the latter is the original usage ; but this, as ^^■ill be seen, is far from certain, and, in any case, the sharply defined significance of the terra in P can- not be traced back to early times. In several cases the meaning of the term is ambiguous, and it has been interpreted by some commentators in the one, by others in the other, of the two senses just indicated. But the cases in which the meaning is quite unambiguous render it possible and con- venient to divide our examination of the usage and more detailed significance of the term into two sections, according as the reference is to the self- roveaJed character or to the phj'sieal manifestation of God. In conclusion, we shall have to consider certain ambiguous passages, and the relation be- tween the two meanings.